Preparation of Activated Carbon from Palm Shells using KOH and ZnCl2 as the Activating Agent

Yuliusman, Yuliusman; Nasruddin, Nasruddin; Afdhol, Muhammad Khairul; Amiliana, Rahmatika Alfia; Hanafi, Afdhal; Rachmanda, B

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/180/1/012282

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The mixture was then washed again with distilled water until the solution reached a neutral pH of 7. The samples needed to be washed with distilled water in order to get rid of chloride [10]. The preparation of the PKSGAC step was important to ensure that the pore structure of the sample could be seen clearly.…”

Section: Preparation Of Pksgacmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samples were selected based on the conditions in which they were chemically activated. According to the literature, the optimum activation temperature range from 700 o C to 850 o C [10,17]. The three samples selected represented samples from three treatment temperatures (i.e.…”

Section: Application For Colour Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason to use PKS as the biomass for the biochar is due to the physicochemical properties such as high mechanical strength, porous surface, high chemical stability, various functional groups and insolubility in water [9]. According to Yuliusman et al [10], PKS biochar (PKSB) is a good precursor for AC since it contains 26.6% cellulose and 27.7% hemicellulose. The high content of cellulose and hemicellulose in the PKSB contributes to the adsorption properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties Tuning of Palm Kernel Shell Biochar Granular Activated Carbon Using Response Surface Methodology for Removal of Methylene Blue

Anisuzzaman

Sinring

Mansa

2021

J. Appl. Sci. Process Eng.

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This study aimed to produce palm kernel shell granular activated carbon (PKSGAC) from slow vacuum pyrolysed PKS biochar (PKSB) via chemical activation using a horizontal tubular split zone furnace. The study also investigated the effects of varying parameters of the PKSGAC on its colour removal ability. The PKSB was activated through chemical activation using potassium hydroxide (KOH) at various parameters such as activation temperature (700oC to 850oC), KOH concentration (50 % w/v to 100 % w/v) and particle size of PKSB (0.4 mm to 2.5 mm). The novelty of this work lies in the study of chemical activation on various particle size ranges using response surface methodology (RSM) to model the relationships between various parameters. The PKSB was characterized to determine its thermal condition, and the PKSGAC was characterized to determine the iodine number, bulk density, ash content, moisture content, surface area and morphology structure. The parameters that were used for each sample were determined by using the RSM based on central composite design (CCD). In this study, design expert version 11.0 software was used and three parameters as independent variables were manipulated. Finally, three different PKSGAC samples of different particle sizes were used to test for the methylene blue (MB) dye removal with the concentration of 5 mg/l, 10 mg/l, 15 mg/l and 20 mg/l. Thermal analysis showed that the total weight loss of the PKSB sample was 58.30% and for PKSGAC the range of the product yield as shown from the RSM was from 33.23% to 96.33%. The RSM also showed that the values for moisture content were in a range from 0% - 39%, as for the ash content value from 2% - 12%, while for the bulk density ranged from 0.17 g/cm3 - 0.50 g/cm3. The highest iodine value achieved was 1320 mg/g at activation temperature of 850oC, KOH concentration of 50% w/v and particle size of 0.4 mm. From the RSM, an iodine number of 1100 mg/g could be obtained using an activation temperature of 850oC, the KOH concentration of 69.22% w/v and the particle size of 0.59 mm. From the BET analysis, the PKSGAC sample obtained 581 m2/g for SBET and 0.3173 cm3/g for the Vtot. The highest percentage dye removal of MB dye was 89.61% to 97.63% at 775oC activation temperature, 75% w/v KOH concentration and 0.4 mm particle size. This work produced RSM models to predict the relationships between the parameters and the response, as well as the performance on MB dye removal.

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Section: Preparation Of Pksgacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application For Colour Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Properties Tuning of Palm Kernel Shell Biochar Granular Activated Carbon Using Response Surface Methodology for Removal of Methylene Blue

Anisuzzaman

Sinring

Mansa

2021

J. Appl. Sci. Process Eng.

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“…Aktivasi dapat memecah ikatan hidrokarbon dengan cara mengoksidasi molekulmolekul permukaan. Hal ini sangat diperlukan untuk memperbesar luas permukaan pori arang [7].…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Briket Arang Tempurung Kawista (Limonia acidissima) Teraktivasi NaOH dengan Perekat Alami

Yulianti

Jannah

Khoiroh

et al. 2019

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Penelitian tentang pemanfaatan tempurung tempurung kawista (Limonia acidissima) telah dilakukan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan briket arang. Variabel jenis perekat alami berupa gel yang terbuat dari tepung beras, tepung ketan, dan tepung tapioka. Selanjutnya jenis perekat alami terbaik ditentukan, yang mampu menghasilkan nilai kalor tertinggi dan kualitas briket tempurung kawista sesuai dengan SNI. Metode perlakuan terhadap tempurung kawista meliputi aktivasi NaOH 0,1 M, karbonisasi, pencetakan dan pengepresan. Karakterisasi briket arang dilakukan melalui uji mutu SNI, termasuk penentuan nilai kalor tertinggi, serta identifikasi gugus fungsi sampel kulit, arang kulit, dan briket arang menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan aktivasi meningkatkan kualitas briket arang. Penggunaan semua jenis perekat dengan perbandingan massa arang : perekat sebesar 9 : 1, menghasilkan briket arang yang memenuhi kualitas SNI. Nilai kalor tertinggi sebesar 6905 kal/g terdapat pada sampel briket arang tempurung kawista teraktivasi dengan jenis perekat alami gel tepung beras. Melalui penentuan mutu briket arang terbaik sesuai standar SNI, diperoleh nilai kadar air 3,733%, kadar zat menguap 8,014%, kadar abu 2,373%, dan kadar C terikat 85,88%. Secara garis besar, keseluruhan gugus fungsi yang teridentifikasi hampir sama yaitu meliputi gugus O–H pada 3500-3400 cm-1, C=C pada 1650-1600 cm-1, C–H pada 1384-1383 cm-1, dan C–OH pada daerah 1047-1034 cm-1. Perbedaan yang nampak adalah briket arang yang teraktivasi memiliki intensitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan briket tanpa aktivasi

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“…Activated carbon can be made using organic matters that contain lignocellulose in the form of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin as raw material which can be found in agricultural wastes [5]. Agricultural wastes such as coconut shell, pistachio shells, bamboo, and waste coffee beans are the examples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Banana Peel Waste as Adsorbent for Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emissions

et al. 2018

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Air pollution caused by motor vehicle exhaust emissions in the form of harmful gases becomes a problem for the health of living things in the surrounding environment. The alternative way to reduce those emissions is by utilizing agricultural waste as activated carbon (AC). AC can adsorbs those emissions due to its porous and high surface area. AC was made of banana peel waste that contains of lignocellulose and has considerable amount because of banana processing industrialization. AC was made through dehydration, carbonization at 350°C furnace without or with N2 gases of 0.15 NL/minute for 1 hour, then chemical activation using various concentrations of H2SO4 solution at 85°C for 1 hour. Characterization of activated carbon was done by iodine number test. The result shows that carbon chemical activation by 6 N of H2SO4 gave better result of iodine number than the lower concentration, obtaining 428 mg/g and overall yield of 41.68%. The result was even better on physical-and-chemical activation with same concentration of H2SO4, obtaining 617 mg/g with surface area of 614 m2/g and overall yield of 56.40%.

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Preparation of Activated Carbon from Palm Shells using KOH and ZnCl2 as the Activating Agent

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Properties Tuning of Palm Kernel Shell Biochar Granular Activated Carbon Using Response Surface Methodology for Removal of Methylene Blue

Properties Tuning of Palm Kernel Shell Biochar Granular Activated Carbon Using Response Surface Methodology for Removal of Methylene Blue

Briket Arang Tempurung Kawista (Limonia acidissima) Teraktivasi NaOH dengan Perekat Alami

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Banana Peel Waste as Adsorbent for Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emissions

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