Preparation of a Novel Nanocomposite and Its Antibacterial Effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis—An In Vitro Evaluation

Abstract

The interest in the use of green-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) is shown to have increased due to their biocompatibility and reduction of overall production costs. The current study aimed to evaluate a novel nanocomposite (NC) prepared by using a combination of zinc oxide, silver and chitosan with lemon extract as a cross-linking agent and assessed its antimicrobial effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). The NPs and NC were prepared individually using a modification of previously established methods. Ananalys is of the physiochemical properties of the NC was conducted using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging(HR-TEM; JEOL Ltd., Akishima-shi, Japan. The microbial reduction with this novel NC was evaluated by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using a tube assay analytic technique. A time-kill assay analysis was conducted to evaluate the kinetic potential against E. faecalis at different time intervals. The novel NC showed a homogenous nanoparticle size under TEM imaging and under UV-Vis established an absorption range of 350–420 nm making it similar to its individual counterparts. The MIC and MIB were measured at 62.5 ± 20 mg/L (p < 0.05) and 250 ± 72 mg/L (p < 0.05), respectively. A time-kill assay analysis for the NC showed 5 h was required to eradicate E. faecalis. Based on the achieved results, it was seen that the novel NC using a combination of silver, zinc oxide and chitosan showed improved antimicrobial action against E. faecalis compared with its individual components under laboratory conditions. A complete eradication of 108 log units of E. faecalis at 250 mg/L occurred after a total of 5 h. These preliminary results establish the use of lemon extract-mediated silver, zinc and chitosan-based NC had an antibacterial effectiveness against E. faecalis similar to the individual counterparts used for its production under laboratory conditions.

Next‐generation antibacterial nanopolymers for treating oral chronic inflammatory diseases of bacterial origin

“…This antibacterial capacity has been enhanced in vitro when using chitosan as a carrier; what may be attributed to the synergistic antimicrobial activity of chitosan and ZnO (Javed et al., 2020). In adjunctive endodontic treatments, silver and zinc have been tested when incorporated in nanocomposites (Jose et al., 2022), endodontic fillers (Al‐Quraine et al., 2023; Rosa et al., 2022) and irrigants (Ertem et al., 2017) either individually or in combinations.…”

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of different combinations of calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis

“…Habitation of bacterial biofilm within the canal is the primary cause of pulpal and periapical disease [52]. Incomplete removal of these microorganisms during the endodontic treatment can result in infection, which tends to be majorly responsible for root canal treatment failures [53,54]. Although, E. faecalis, is one of the most prevalent species found in canals of teeth with post treatment apical periodontitis, the current eveidence suggests that the post treamnet infections are usually mixed and caused by diufferent bacterial combinations [55].…”

Formulation of Quercetin Mouthwash and Anti-microbial Potential Against Critical Pathogens: An In-Vitro Evaluation

“…Herbal mouthwashes were designed and prepared using essential oils from phytotherapeutic plants, containing active agents such as catechins, tannins, and sterols. One of the naturally occurring plant flavonoids, quercetin is present in a wide variety of foods, including fruits, vegetables, tea, and wine [ 1 ]. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites that have been described as health-promoting, disease-preventing dietary supplements that act as cancer-preventive agents [ 2 , 3 ].…”