Preparation of a Homologous Series of Graphite Alkylamine Intercalation Compounds Including an Unusual Parallel Bilayer Intercalate Arrangement

Abstract

New ternary graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) containing Na+ and linear alkylamines (Na-Cx-GIC) are reported. The following new GICs with indicated stages and intercalate arrangements are obtained: stage 1, monolayer (C3, C4); stage 1, bilayer (C6, C8); and stage 2 bilayer (C12, C14). Two features new to donor-type GICs found are (i) an intercalate bilayer arrangement with guest alkyl chains parallel to encasing graphene layers, and (ii) the transition from an intercalate bilayer to monolayer arrangement upon evacuation for C6. Although there are many reports on the intercalation of short, medium, and long-chain alkylamines in layered hosts, this is the first example of a homologous compound series for GICs. The products obtained are characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry.

Graphite Intercalation Compounds (GICs): A New Type of Promising Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…[ 21,22 ] Hundreds of GICs have been investigated with variety of intercalants [30][31][32][33][34][35] since their fi rst synthesis in 1841, [ 29 ] such as alkali metal, metal oxides, metal chlorides, bromides, fl uorides and oxyhalides, acidic oxides, and strong acids. [ 21,22 ] Hundreds of GICs have been investigated with variety of intercalants [30][31][32][33][34][35] since their fi rst synthesis in 1841, [ 29 ] such as alkali metal, metal oxides, metal chlorides, bromides, fl uorides and oxyhalides, acidic oxides, and strong acids.…”

Biobased Janus molecule for the facile preparation of water solutions of few layer graphene sheets

“…[28][29][30][31][32][33] Much interest has been directed, particularly in view of large scale production, to the oxidation of graphite [34][35][36][37][38] to graphite oxide (GO) [39][40][41][42][43][44] followed by thermal or chemical reduction. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] The oxidation-reduction method is however characterized by several drawbacks. The precise structure of GO is still unknown.…”

On the controlled electrochemical preparation of R4N+ graphite intercalation compounds and their host structural deformation effects

“…In the specific case of graphite, this can result in the formation of graphite intercalation complexes (GICs) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and in the case of tetraalkylammonium (R 4 N + ) reduction at graphite cathodes, has been found to be accompanied by a significant irreversible volumetric expansion of the host graphite [14][15][16], irrespective of whether intercalation is electrochemical [17,18] or non-electrochemical [16,19]. Various chemical routes to R 4 N + and alkali metal GIC syntheses have been presented [16,[20][21][22] often taking place via cationic displacement reactions.…”