Preparation of a heterogeneous catalyst from moringa leaves as a sustainable precursor for biodiesel production

Alemán-Ramirez, J.L.; Moreira, J.; Torres-Arellano, S.; Longoria, Adriana; Okoye, Patrick U.; Sebastián, P.J.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118983

Cited by 87 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The catalyst loading plays an important role in the production of biodiesel 82–87. It is reported that as the catalyst loading was increased from 0.5 % to 1.0 %, the yield of biodiesel was improved from 32 % to 93.5 %.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Parameters on Catalytic Production of Biodiesel from Different Oils

et al. 2021

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Compared to fossil fuels, renewable fuels (biodiesel) are promising alternatives with similar properties which could reduce the emission of toxic gases and carbon foot print. Biodiesel is mostly used in some developing countries especially in the transportation sector and can be produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, non‐edible oil, and waste cooking oil by different methods. Animal fat and used cooking oil is not feasible for biodiesel production because of numerous problems during production. Catalysts can be selected or synthesized according to the nature of the feedstock. The selection of highly efficient catalysts is necessary to obtain a high yield of biodiesel and their recyclability is also highly important. Different factors affect the transesterification process and analysis of the final biodiesel product is important and necessary to fulfill the requirements of the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standards. In this regard, production of biodiesel from different sustainable and renewable resources could be recommended at industrial level. Further research is required to improve the efficiency.

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Section: Factors Affecting Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Parameters on Catalytic Production of Biodiesel from Different Oils

et al. 2021

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“…Fossil fuels, the world's primary energy source, are depleting due to overexploitation as most countries depend on them for economic development. The constant release of greenhouse gases during fossil fuel combustion contributes tremendously to environmental pollution, health problems, and global warming 1,2 . Biodiesel appears to be the most convenient and sustainable fuel source that can be used as a long‐term substitute to minimize the harmful emissions encountered with the use of fossil fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several biomass waste materials used in some published works include eggshell, chicken bones, scallop, mussels, cockle shells, 13–15 banana peels, papaya peels, coco pod husks, tucuma peels, plantain peels, and moringa leaves 1,16–19 . These materials have been used in the development of heterogenous catalysts for biodiesel production and they can be reused.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An effective green and renewable heterogeneous catalyst derived from the fusion of bi‐component biowaste materials for the optimized transesterification of linseed oil methyl ester

Etim

Musonge

Eloka‐Eboka

2021

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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Biological waste materials are rich sources of important minerals such as calcium and potassium, which are required in the preparation of effective biocatalysts for biodiesel production. Their adoption into green catalyst production is becoming important due to the ease of process synthesis and the availability of waste animal shells and agricultural materials. In this study, the potential of a bi‐component, heterogeneous catalyst of fused chicken eggshells and pawpaw peels was tested in the transesterification reaction of linseed oil. The waste materials, separately, were dried and calcined at 900 °C or at 700 °C for 3 h to obtain their calcined ashes (calcined eggshells (CES) and calcined pawpaw peels (CPP)). The CES and CPP were then bonded by the wet impregnation method (by dissolving each ash at weight concentration of 7:3 CES/CPP in 100 mL warm distilled water and further calcining them at 600 °C for 2 h). The catalyst that was developed was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy ‐ Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The Box–Behnken design was applied to generate 15 experimental runs, which were used to investigate the effect of the operational parameters such as methanol‐to‐oil molar ratio, catalyst loading, and reaction time. The characterization results show that the ash is very rich in Ca and K ions. The best reaction condition for the transesterification process was found to be a methanol / oil molar ratio of 14.9:1, catalyst loading of 3.78 wt%, process reaction time of 80 min at constant reaction temperature of 65 °C with a biodiesel maximum yield of 91.20 wt%. The physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel were measured and found to meet the American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) and European National (EN) standards and South African National Standards (SANS) biodiesel quality standards. The fused catalyst can be reused for up to five cycles with little reduction in yields. The study demonstrates the potential of utilizing biomass feedstock in developing effective and sustainable biodiesel fuels. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…Moreover, methanolysis of various oils was successfully carried out in the presence of husk ashes obtained from different biomass wastes, such as cocoa pod [8,16], coconut [17], and rice [18], walnut kernel [19] and palm kernel [20] shells, mango [21], and tucuma [22] peels ashes. Furthermore, ashes from bark [23], leaves [24,25], whole plants [26], and cobs [27] were used to catalyze biodiesel production. Some ashes were improved before the use as catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the biodiesel production using the wheat straw ash as a catalyst

Veličković¹,

Avramović²,

Kostić

et al. 2021

Hem Ind

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Wheat straw ash (WSA) was investigated as a new catalyst in biodiesel production from sunflower oil. The catalyst was characterized by temperature-programmed decomposition, X- ray powder diffraction, Hg porosimetry, N2 physisorption, and scanning electron microscopy - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy methods. The methanolysis reaction was tested in the temperature range of 55?65?C, the catalyst loading range 10?20 % of the oil weight, and the methanol-to-oil molar ratio range 18 : 1?24 : 1. The reaction conditions of the sunflower oil methanolysis over WSA were optimized by using the response surface methodology in combination with the historical experimental design. The optimum process conditions ensuring the highest fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) content of 98.6 % were the reaction temperature of 60.3?C, the catalyst loading of 11.6 % (based on the oil weight), the methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 18.3 :1, and the reaction time of 124 min. The values of the statistical criteria, such as coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.811, R2 = 0.789, R2 = 0.761) and the mean relative percent deviation (MRPD) value of 10.6 % (66 data) implied the acceptability and precision of the developed model. The FAME content after 4 h of reaction under the optimal conditions decreased to 37, 12, and 3 %, after the first, second, and third reuse, respectively.

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Preparation of a heterogeneous catalyst from moringa leaves as a sustainable precursor for biodiesel production

Cited by 87 publications

References 58 publications

Effect of Different Parameters on Catalytic Production of Biodiesel from Different Oils

Effect of Different Parameters on Catalytic Production of Biodiesel from Different Oils

An effective green and renewable heterogeneous catalyst derived from the fusion of bi‐component biowaste materials for the optimized transesterification of linseed oil methyl ester

Modeling the biodiesel production using the wheat straw ash as a catalyst

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