Preparation, Modification, Characterization, and Biosensing Application of Nanoporous Gold Using Electrochemical Techniques

Abstract

Nanoporous gold (np-Au), because of its high surface area-to-volume ratio, excellent conductivity, chemical inertness, physical stability, biocompatibility, easily tunable pores, and plasmonic properties, has attracted much interested in the field of nanotechnology. It has promising applications in the fields of catalysis, bio/chemical sensing, drug delivery, biomolecules separation and purification, fuel cell development, surface-chemistry-driven actuation, and supercapacitor design. Many chemical and electrochemical procedures are known for the preparation of np-Au. Recently, researchers are focusing on easier and controlled ways to tune the pores and ligaments size of np-Au for its use in different applications. Electrochemical methods have good control over fine-tuning pore and ligament sizes. The np-Au electrodes that are prepared using electrochemical techniques are robust and are easier to handle for their use in electrochemical biosensing. Here, we review different electrochemical strategies for the preparation, post-modification, and characterization of np-Au along with the synergistic use of both electrochemistry and np-Au for applications in biosensing.

Integration of gadolinium in nanostructure for contrast enhanced‐magnetic resonance imaging

“…Likewise, plasmonic nanoparticles have also been attracted tremendous attention in biomedical research and applications because of their versatile synthetic methodology, unique physiochemical properties, and good biocompatibility (Bhattarai et al, 2018;Heffern et al, 2014;Nicolay et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2018). The unique localized surface plasmon resonance properties of plasmonic NPs such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag)-based nanomaterials with a variety of shapes (spherical, rod, F I G U R E 1 1 (a) Graphical representation of the NIR-responsive gold nanorod (AuNR) surfaces that are passivated with polyethylene glycol and Gd-DOTA-SH forming Gd-tethered AuNR, and (b) T 1 -recovery curve of mouse melanoma (B16-F10) cell pellets treated with Gd-AuNR (1:1 ratio) and its phantom images acquired at 14 T (insert).…”

Alleviating concentration polarization: a micro three-electrode interdigitated glucose sensor based on nanoporous gold from a mild process

“…The latter method seems better since it can greatly lower the cost. [24][25][26][27] Recently we have synthesized NPG through a mild process and applied it in hydrogen peroxide electroreduction and supercapacitors. [28][29][30][31] The device structure is another important factor for highperformance glucose sensors.…”

Plasmonic-Active Nanostructured Thin Films

“…Electrochemical methods can create randomly oriented PANTFs on a conductive substrate without the use of a template. A review of electrochemical methods for preparing thin nanoporous gold films has been covered in an article previously [79]. The PANTFs can be prepared by either by adding different structure-directing agent or varying the deposition parameters.…”

“…Figure 7b(D) shows real-time interactions of surface-immobilized carbohydrate mannose with different concentrations of lectin concanavalin A on NGF surface using reflection-based LSPR spectroscopy. [79]. The PANTFs can be prepared by either by adding different structure-directing agent or varying the deposition parameters.…”