Preparation methods of membrane electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells and unitized regenerative fuel cells: A review

Bhosale, Amit C.; Ghosh, Prakash C.; Assaud, Loïc

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110286

Cited by 53 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 189 publications

(179 reference statements)

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“…For MEA, there are ample of fabrication methods that are available such as catalyst-coated membrane (CCM), catalystcoated substrate (CCS), and catalyst-coated electrode (CCE). From these methods, CCE is the most effective and efficient method compared to others as per recent the article by Bhosale et al (2020). However, Shahgaldi et al (2018) performed an experiment on every MEA manufacturing method and showed that the CCM method is showing high performance.…”

Section: Frontiers In Energy Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments of proton exchange membranes for PEMFC: A review

Parekh

2022

Front. Energy Res.

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The decreasing abundance of conventional energy resources of nature, such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal, is putting forward the issues of energy shortcoming for the future. With a sentiment of this, most researchers are now directing either on non-conventional resources that already prevail or invent it. The most promising non-conventional energy resource is the hydrogen energy, which can be used in fuel cell to get electricity. Therefore, a number of researchers are putting a light on developing the most efficient and affordable fuel cell. This review is mainly focused on the developments of proton exchange membranes (PEMs) in two parts as low and high temperature PEMs for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and based on that some outperformed PEMs are mentioned in the respective tables. Most of the energy and automobile industries are concentrating to apply PEMFCs for power generation and to apply in vehicles. The cost of PEMFCs is higher due to the manufacturing cost of PEM. Therefore, research works in PEMs are now in trend to reduce the cost, to improve efficiency, and to withstand particular operating conditions. In this review article, recent developments in PEM by number of researchers and the importance of it in near future have been elicited.

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Section: Frontiers In Energy Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments of proton exchange membranes for PEMFC: A review

Parekh

2022

Front. Energy Res.

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“…24 The GDB is usually carbon cloth or carbon paper with large holes, which is in direct contact with the flow channel on the bipolar plate to play the role of gas distribution and current collection. 25 The effects of the content of hydrophobic agents (such as PTFE and FEP) in GDB on the performance of fuel cells have been studied extensively. 26 The optimal parameters can be obtained by balancing the distribution of hydrophobic pores and conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a membrane electrode assembly for weakly humidity-dependent proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Qiao

Liu

Ren

et al. 2023

Sustainable Energy Fuels

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“…A GDE consists of a catalyst layer (CL) and a gas diffusion layer (GDL). The CL consists of a mixture of the electrocatalyst (generally supported on high surface area carbon) and an ionomer (commonly a H + -conducting polymer such as Nafion). , A PEM is sandwiched in between the cathode and anode GDEs to form a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA), the active unit present in each individual cell of a PEMFC stack. As a catalytically active site must be accessible to the reactants (hydrogen (H 2 ) at the anode and oxygen (O 2 ) at the cathode) and the charge carriers (protons (H + ) and electrons (e – )), the cell performance depends significantly on the catalyst/ionomer interface structure. − During cell operation, structural changes in the MEA may take place at the catalyst, ionomer, and/or catalyst/ionomer interface level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Degradation of the Membrane–Electrode Assembly Performance in Low-Temperature PEMFC: the Catalyst, the Ionomer, or the Interface?

Sharma

Morgen

Chiriaev

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Here, we report a study on the structural characteristics of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) samples obtained from a low-temperature (LT) polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC) stack subjected to long-term durability testing for ∼18,500 h of nominal operation along with ∼900 on/off cycles accumulated over the operation time, with the total power production being 3.39 kW h/cm2 of MEA and the overall degradation being 87% based on performance loss. The chemical and physical states of the degraded MEAs were investigated through structural characterizations aiming to probe their different components, namely the cathode and anode electrocatalysts, the Nafion ionomer in the catalyst layers (CLs), the gas diffusion layers (GDLs), and the PEM. Surprisingly, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy studies suggested no significant degradation of the electrocatalysts. Similarly, the cathode and anode GDLs exhibited no significant change in porosity and structure as indicated by BET analysis and helium ion microscopy. Nevertheless, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, elemental analysis through a CHNS analyzer, and comprehensive investigations by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested significant degradation of the Nafion, especially in terms of sulfur content, that is, the abundance of the −SO3 – groups responsible for H+ conduction. Hence, the degradation of the Nafion, in both of the CLs and in the PEM, was found to be the principal mechanism for performance degradation, while the Pt/C catalyst degradation in terms of particle size enlargement or mass loss was minimal. The study suggests that under real-life operating conditions, ionomer degradation plays a more significant role than electrocatalyst degradation in LT-PEMFCs, in contrast to many scientific studies under artificial stress conditions. Mitigation of the ionomer degradation must be emphasized as a strategy to improve the PEMFC’s durability.

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Preparation methods of membrane electrode assemblies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells and unitized regenerative fuel cells: A review

Cited by 53 publications

References 189 publications

Recent developments of proton exchange membranes for PEMFC: A review

Recent developments of proton exchange membranes for PEMFC: A review

Designing a membrane electrode assembly for weakly humidity-dependent proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Insights into Degradation of the Membrane–Electrode Assembly Performance in Low-Temperature PEMFC: the Catalyst, the Ionomer, or the Interface?

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