Preparation for labour

West, Zita

doi:10.1016/b978-044310371-1.50013-4

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Factors Associated With Episiotomy1

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2023

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“…The procedure is an effective approach to increasing the chance of delivery with intact perineum especially for women with a first vaginal birth [29]. In other literature, massage can be started as early as 34 weeks of gestation, and it is done with oil for 5-10 min every day to increase flexibility and elasticity [30]. In addition to massage, perineal support and warm compresses during the second stage are protective for episiotomy and anal sphincter injury [30].…”

Section: Factors Associated With Episiotomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Update and Trend in Episiotomy Practice

Pebalo¹,

Ayikoru²

2023

Current Challenges in Childbirth

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Episiotomy is one of the most commonly practiced obstetric procedures done to enlarge the diameter of the vulval outlet to facilitate the passage for the fetal head and prevent an uncontrolled tear of the perineal tissues in the second stage of labor. Historically, the procedure was indicated to prevent third- or fourth-degree perineal tears as well as for prolonged second stage, macrosomia, non-reassuring fetal heart rate, instrumental delivery, occiput posterior position, and shoulder dystocia. Routine episiotomy is now considered to be obstetrics violence, rates of not exceeding 10% have been recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). Despite this recommendation, episiotomy is still practiced routinely in many settings.

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Section: Factors Associated With Episiotomymentioning

confidence: 99%