Preparation, chemical modification and absorption properties of various phthalocyanines

Abstract

A series of phthalocyanines were prepared from phthalodinitrile and corresponding metal salts by means of the 'solvent' methods. Some experiments were also conducted in the absence of a solvent in a 'solvent-free' process from phthalanhydride, urea and metal chlorides. All of the prepared phthalocyanines were modified by the incorporation of desirable functional groups in order to transform the virtually insoluble phthalocyanine skeleton into more soluble forms. Derivatives soluble in polar media were prepared by means of sulphonation, while those soluble in non-polar media were produced by chlorosulphonation with the subsequent condensation of prepared sulphochlorides with primary alkyl amines.

Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) – Utilization of Hydroxyl Radical and Singlet Oxygen

“…Phthalocyanine catalyzed oxidations have been widely described in the laboratory in cuvette arranged on optical bench. [88][89][90] Also performance of such catalyzed reaction in micro reactor arrangement is coming to the fore. [91,92] Immobilization of phthalocyanines on various supports is also well known process but it does not work sufficiently.…”

Microreactor as efficient tool for light induced oxidation reactions

“…ZnPc sulfonated were prepared according to [17]. For the chemically modified phthalocyanines it was described [15,17,18] that the higher the content of more sulfonated individual derivatives, the higher was the tendency for their aggregation. Non sulfonated derivatives are insoluble, solubility of monosulfonated derivatives is still very low.…”

“…In our previous works [15,17,18,20] we have described the procedure to discriminate between contributions of monomer and dimer forms to the overall apparent quantum yield.…”

“…All reactions were carried out in deuterium oxide to maximize the life time of the generated singlet oxygen species [16]. In our previous works [15,17,18] we had spent much effort to describe the proportion and the role of the dimer on the overall photophysical process, and possibilities to discriminate its formation. As consequence preparation and chemical modification of ZnPc had become the most elaborated and optimized procedure, the ZnPc sulfonated had been established as a kind of internal standard among the used phthalocyanines.…”

Iron phthalocyanine as new efficient catalyst for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of simple aldehydes and ketones

“…Macrocyclic compounds known as phthalocyanines were first described in the 1930s . Since then, many interesting applications have appeared due to their unique physical and chemical properties .…”