Preparation, characterization, and properties of chitosan films with cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsions

Characterization of nanocomposite films based on chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose containing Ziziphora clinopodioides essential oil and methanolic Ficus carica extract

“…Based on our findings, 1% FCH was a lot more effective in reducing swelling index and barrier properties than 1% ZEO, which could be attributed to more intermolecular interactions between film matrices and a higher molecular weight of phenolic compounds of FCH (Moradi et al, ). The positive effect of incorporation of EOs and extracts on water vapor barrier properties of some biopolymers was reported in the recent studies (Abdollahi et al, ; Ahmad et al, ; Chen et al, ; Ghanbarzade et al, ; Gutiérrez et al, ; Moradi et al, ), which is in good agreement with our findings. Moreover, Tunç et al () prepared CMC‐MMT film containing 1.5% carvacrol and reported that the O 2 permeability of CMC‐MMT film significantly decreased with the addition of carvacrol into the film matrix compared to control one.…”

“…The effects of incorporating of ZEO and FCH on mechanical properties of Ch‐MMT and CMC‐MMT films in terms of TS, PF, EAB, and PD are presented in Table . According to the results of the present study, the TS, PF, and PD values of straight Ch‐MMT and CMC‐MMT films were lower than that the reported previously (Chen et al, ; Ghanbarzade et al, ; Ojagh et al, ), which may be attributed to the differences in several factors such as Ch and CMC types, the method of film preparation, plasticizer presence, emulsification, and analytical methods used (Aljawish et al, ). Based on our findings, there were significant differences between the mechanical properties of CMC‐MMT and Ch‐MMT films with or without active compounds ( p < .05).…”

“…The highest mean values of TS (32.21 ± 0.02 MPa), PF (26.3 ± 0.01 N), EAB (25.78 ± 0.02%), and PD (13.7 ± 0.02 mm) were found in control Ch‐MMT film, while CMC‐MMT film enriched with ZEO 2% + FCH 1% significantly showed the lowest values of TS (10.14 ± 0.11 MPa), PF (4.2 ± 0.01 N), EAB (2.12 ± 0.01%), and PD (2.41 ± 0.01 mm). Several studies reported the reduction of tensile parameters such as strength, modulus and EAB after adding EOs or other extra‐polymeric components such as extracts and fatty acids onto biopolymeric films (Aljawish et al, ; Chen et al, ; Moradi et al, ; Sánchez‐González, Vargas, González‐Martínez, Chiralt, & Cháfer, ). The reduced mechanical parameters of Ch‐MMT or CMC‐MMT films could be due to partially replace stronger polymer–polymer interactions with weaker polymer–oil hydrogen bonds in the film network, increase interchain distances of film network microstructure and develop a heterogeneous film structure featuring discontinuities in the polymer network after grafting of hydrophobic compounds into film.…”

“…It is believed that this phenomenon can be due to the protruded structures mediated by the various chemical constituents present in ZEO and FCH, which increase spatial distance within film network (Ahmad et al, ). Moreover, different components in ZEO such as carvacrol, thymol, p ‐cymene, ɣ ‐terpinene, limonene, and α‐pinene might interact with Ch and CMC matrices to different degrees (Chen et al, ). Altiok et al () found that the addition of thyme oil had no significant effect on thickness of Ch film ( p > .05).…”

Starch-protein active films for food preservation

“…When deacetylated to more than 50%, it gives rise to chitosan (Kumar, 2000), which consists of a biodegradable cationic hydrocolloid with film-forming ability and with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, both associated with its positive charge (Talón et al, 2016). Although chitosan is currently receiving more attention as a polysaccharide resource for biomedical applications (Francis and Matthew, 2000), extensive research aiming to develop biodegradable packaging for food preservation has been carried out, including its combination with other biopolymers, namely starch (Talón et al, 2016), gelatine (Ahmed and Ikram, 2016) or whey proteins (Jiang et al, 2016); it can also act as a vehicle of other antimicrobial compounds, such as essential oils (Perdones et al, 2012), cinnamaldehyde (Chen et al, 2016), or ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE) (Rubilar et al, 2016).…”