Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activities of holmium-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Roles of titanium dioxide and ion-doped titanium dioxide on photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants (phenolic compounds and dyes) in aqueous solutions: A review

“…Thus, gadolinium (Gd)-doped TiO 2 prepared by ElBahy et al, a doped TiO 2 with high surface area, large pore volume, small particle size, and small band-gap, presented the highest photocatalytic activity. In addition, TiO 2 doped with cerium (Ce) and holmium (Ho) were found to be able to retard grain growth of TiO 2 [124] as well as decrease its crystallite size while increasing its specific surface area [125]. Shi et al [125] claimed that Ho-doped TiO 2 with a smaller crystallite size favored the shifting of photogenerated carriers to the surface of the photocatalysts and interaction with the reactants.…”

Preparation and photoactivity of samarium loaded anatase, brookite and rutile catalysts

“…In recent years doping with rare earth metals has proved to be an efficient method to improve the photocatalytic properties of TiO 2 because the f-orbitals of the lanthanides ions can form complexes with various Lewis bases and thus, concentrate the substrates onto the TiO 2 surface [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Besides, rare earth doped TiO 2 has received great attention for its photoluminescent properties that are related to the photocatalytic activity [25,26].…”

Ce-doped titania nanoparticles: The effects of doped amount and calcination temperature on photocatalytic activity

“…Due to incompletely occupied 4f and empty 5d orbitals, rare earth metals are often used as catalyst or promote catalysis. Some results have shown that doping TiO 2 with rare earth metals or their oxides is an effective method to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 [3]. As one of the rare earth metals, Ce has been used as a dopant to enhance the photocatalytic activity of the TiO 2 [4].…”