Preparation, characterization, and electrochemical performances of carbon-coated TiO2 anatase

Pfanzelt, M.; Kubiak, Pierre; Hörmann, U.; Kaiser, Ute; Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens, Margret

doi:10.1007/s11581-009-0364-y

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The final particle size for the carbon coated titania was 10 nm. It has been generally observed that coating of small crystallites by a second phase inhibits growth of the crystallites during annealing process (22,28). However, in the present case, the TiO 2 nanoparticles are in agglomeration with broad pore size distribution (see the Supporting Information, Figure 2b) prior to carbon treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Effect of Nanostructuring and Ex situ Amorphous Carbon Coverage on the Lithium Storage and Insertion Kinetics in Anatase Titania

Das

Patel

Bhattacharyya

2010

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Implications of nanostructuring and conductive carbon interface on lithium insertion/removal capacity and insertion kinetics in nanoparticles of anatase polymorph of titania is discussed here. Sol−gel synthesized nanoparticles of titania (particle size ∼6 nm) were hydrothermally coated ex situ with a thin layer of amorphous carbon (layer thickness: 2−5 nm) and calcined at a temperature much higher than the sol−gel synthesis temperature. The carbon-titania composite particles (resulting size ∼10 nm) displayed immensely superior cyclability and rate capability (higher current rates ∼4 A g−1) compared to unmodified calcined anatase titania. The conductive carbon interface around titania nanocrystal enhances the electronic conductivity and inhibits crystallite growth during electrochemical insertion/removal thus preventing detrimental kinetic effects observed in case of unmodified anatase titania. The carbon coating of the nanoparticles also stabilized the titania crystallographic structure via reduction in the accessibility of lithium ions to the trapping sites. This resulted in a decrease in the irreversible capacity observed in the case of nanoparticles without any carbon coating.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The formation of bigger crystallites in case of T400 and TC400 is attributed to temperature induced crystallization. It must be mentioned here that the annealing temperature of 400 °C was selected to prevent phase transitions from anatase to rutile (28).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nanostructuring and Ex situ Amorphous Carbon Coverage on the Lithium Storage and Insertion Kinetics in Anatase Titania

Das

Patel

Bhattacharyya

2010

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…However, the preparation of a pure anatase sample with an efficient carbon coating could not be implemented satisfactorily. 185 Another approach has been studied by Ishii et al 186 by introducing a triblock copolymer (Pluronic F127 (PEO 106 PPO 70 -PEO 106 )) during the precipitation step and using it as a carbon source. In this case no rutile formation has been observed and the composite maintained a high reversible capacity of 109 mAh g -1 even at high current densities of 1000 mA g -1 .…”

Section: Carbon Coatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

High surface area crystalline titanium dioxide: potential and limits in electrochemical energy storage and catalysis

et al. 2012

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Titanium dioxide is one of the most intensely studied oxides due to its interesting electrochemical and photocatalytic properties and it is widely applied, for example in photocatalysis, electrochemical energy storage, in white pigments, as support in catalysis, etc. Common synthesis methods of titanium dioxide typically require a high temperature step to crystallize the amorphous material into one of the polymorphs of titania, e.g. anatase, brookite and rutile, thus resulting in larger particles and mostly non-porous materials. Only recently, low temperature solution-based protocols gave access to crystalline titania with higher degree of control over the formed polymorph and its intra- or interparticle porosity. The present work critically reviews the formation of crystalline nanoscale titania particles via solution-based approaches without thermal treatment, with special focus on the resulting polymorphs, crystal morphology, surface area, and particle dimensions. Special emphasis is given to sol-gel processes via glycolated precursor molecules as well as the miniemulsion technique. The functional properties of these materials and the differences to chemically identical, non-porous materials are illustrated using heterogeneous catalysis and electrochemical energy storage (battery materials) as example.

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“…24 To solve this problem, one common approach is to modify the surface of electrodes with transition metal ions, transition metals, transition metal oxides and so on. Many methods have been used to accomplish this, such as directly mixing followed by calcination, 25 physical vapor deposition (PVD) 26 and atomic layer deposition (ALD). 27 However, these methods require complicated procedures and induce high cost; in addition, it is still not easy to obtain homogeneously modified nanostructures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mn-Doped TiO₂ Nanosheet-Based Spheres as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Performance at Elevated Temperatures

Zhang

Zhou

Wright

et al. 2014

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Novel Mn(2+)-doped TiO2 nanosheet-based spheres have been successfully prepared via a simple hydrothermal and ion-exchange process. After hydrothermal growth, flowerlike nanosheet-based spheres of protonated dititanate were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The hierarchical nanostructure was obtained via a dissolution-recrystallization process starting from a precursor of homogenous TiO2 nanospheres. Moreover, as-prepared protonated dititanate was converted to Mn-doped nanosheet-based spheres via the ion-exchange method. Then, both the doped and undoped protonated dititanate were calcined and tested as anode materials for lithium-ion battery applications at elevated temperatures. The undoped sample showed an initial capacity of 201 mAh g(-1) but only had 44.1% of the initial capacity retained after 50 cycles at mixed current densities of 30, 150, and 500 mA g(-1) at 55 °C, while the Mn-doped one exhibited an initial capacity of 190 mAh g(-1) and 91.4% capacity retention with superior reversible capacity under the same test conditions. Comparisons between different samples suggest that manganese ions on the surface of TiO2 nanosheet-based spheres are responsible for the enhanced electrochemical performance.

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Preparation, characterization, and electrochemical performances of carbon-coated TiO2 anatase

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of Nanostructuring and Ex situ Amorphous Carbon Coverage on the Lithium Storage and Insertion Kinetics in Anatase Titania

Effect of Nanostructuring and Ex situ Amorphous Carbon Coverage on the Lithium Storage and Insertion Kinetics in Anatase Titania

High surface area crystalline titanium dioxide: potential and limits in electrochemical energy storage and catalysis

Mn-Doped TiO₂ Nanosheet-Based Spheres as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Performance at Elevated Temperatures

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Preparation, characterization, and electrochemical performances of carbon-coated TiO2 anatase

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of Nanostructuring and Ex situ Amorphous Carbon Coverage on the Lithium Storage and Insertion Kinetics in Anatase Titania

Effect of Nanostructuring and Ex situ Amorphous Carbon Coverage on the Lithium Storage and Insertion Kinetics in Anatase Titania

High surface area crystalline titanium dioxide: potential and limits in electrochemical energy storage and catalysis

Mn-Doped TiO2 Nanosheet-Based Spheres as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Performance at Elevated Temperatures

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About

Mn-Doped TiO₂ Nanosheet-Based Spheres as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries with High Performance at Elevated Temperatures