Preparation and Usage of Polyaluminum Chloride as a Coagulating Agent

Al-Dawery, SK; Al-Joubori, OH

doi:10.24200/tjer.vol9iss1pp31-36

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, detailed information about the use of polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFCl) as a coagulant is still scarce [19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. It is a composite inorganic polymer of aluminum and ferric salts [26] which has the characteristics of both aluminum and iron coagulants [27].…”

Section: Desalination and Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFCl) for turbidity and color removal from Isfahan raw water

Ebrahimi

Taheri

Pashaee³

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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In this study the performance of polyaluminum ferric chloride, a composite inorganic polymer of aluminum and ferric salt, was investigated for the removal of turbidity and color from Isfahan raw water. Water samples were collected from the main resource of Isfahan raw water. For the evaluation of the coagulation procedure, conventional Jar test apparatus was used according to the standard methods. Experiments were conducted in the School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Science. The findings showed that the optimum pH for the coagulation of Isfahan raw water at August 2013 was 7.5-8 and the optimum dosage of the coagulant was 5 mg/L. Without filtration, the removal of turbidity, color and total coliform achieved was 85, 100, and 86%, respectively, at the above-mentioned dosage and pH. Residual turbidity, color, and UV 254 dropped below 0.33 NTU, zero Pt.Co Units, and 0.022 cm −1 , respectively. As, the residual concentration of aluminum and iron in treated water was 0.008 and 0.05 mg/L, respectively, this coagulant does not has any adverse health effect on consumers. The efficiency of this coagulant for the removal of turbidity, color, and organic matter in Isfahan raw water was very good and it has potential for selecting as a new coagulant for this city.

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Section: Desalination and Water Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFCl) for turbidity and color removal from Isfahan raw water

Ebrahimi

Taheri

Pashaee³

et al. 2014

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…Therefore, a number of techniques to remove tartrazine from wastewaters are being developed. Physicochemical methods include adsorption [15], electrocoagulation [16,17], photocatalysis [18,19], chemical oxidation and reduction [20], electrochemical treatment [21], ion pair extraction [22] while biological methods involve aerobic microorganisms. [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, a recent study, which involves photocatalyst degradation of tartrazine in waste water using TiO 2 and UV light indicates that increasing the TiO 2 concentration does not increase the rate of tartrazine degradation. Also, a very minor effect has been noted in its degradation process due to the temperature variation [19]. In the case of watersoluble azo reactive dyes, they are resistant to biodegradation and hence conventional aerobic treatment methods cannot be employed [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theoretical Study of Chemical Reactivity of Tartrazine Through DFT Reactivity Descriptors

Mendoza-Huízar

2017

J. Mex. Chem. Soc.

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<p>In this work we have calculated global and local DFT reactivity descriptors for tartrazine at B3LYP/6-311++G (2d,2p) level. Global reactivity descriptors such as ionization energy, molecular hardness, electrophilicity, and total energies were calculated to evaluate the tartrazine reactivity in aqueous and gas conditions. Local reactivity was evaluated through the Fukui function. The influence of the solvent was taken into account with the PCM model. The results indicate that the solvation process modifies the reactivity descriptors values. From our results, it was found that an electrophilic attack allows a direct cleavage of the N=N bond. If a nucleophilic attack is considered as initial attack, it is necessary a second attack by free radicals or electrophiles to cleave the N=N bond. In the case of an initial attack by free radicals, tartrazine requires a subsequent nucleophilic attack to cleave the N=N bond.</p>

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“…The main use of PAC is water treatment beside other application such as Municipal & Industrial Waste Water Treatments, Sewage Water Treatments, Separation of Slurry in Industrial Processes, Sizing in Paper and Pulp Industry, Decolorization & Decontamination of dyes in Textile Industry and in the Petroleum Oil Refining Industry [5]. Experimental results revealed that approximately, the same amount of alumina leaching extract is released by the hydrochloric and sulphuric acids [16] [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) from Local Material (Kaolin)

Abbas

Awad

Dirar

et al. 2021

kuej

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Poly aluminum chloride (PAC) has many applications such as water treatment, separation of slurry in industrial processes. The basic raw material for PAC production is aluminum oxide ore such as Kaolin, Bauxite, Mica and Silliminite. In this study Kaolin was used and investigated carefully. Kaolin is abundant in the Sudan. The chemical composition is ,CaO, MgO, , L.O.I. For the production of liquid PAC, Kaolin was activated by calcination process to produce intermediate product (alumina,). Then the alumina extracted from calcined Kaolin was leached with hydrochloric acid to produce aluminum chloride. Finally base is added to aluminum chloride to produce PAC. The effects of the various parameters of production process (calcination temperature, acid concentration, residence time, ratio Kaolin-acid W/W) were investigated and the optimum conditions were found. The results showed that the optimum calcination temperature for the samples used, is 1000˚C with 3 hour residence time with alumina extract of 28.76 ppm .The optimum leaching conditions were determined and found at: Kaolin grain size, 200 meshes, Temperature, 90 ˚C, Residence Time 30 min, Acid concentration of 8N (HCL), which yielded 59.89 ppm of alum extract.

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Preparation and Usage of Polyaluminum Chloride as a Coagulating Agent

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

The effectiveness of polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFCl) for turbidity and color removal from Isfahan raw water

The effectiveness of polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFCl) for turbidity and color removal from Isfahan raw water

A Theoretical Study of Chemical Reactivity of Tartrazine Through DFT Reactivity Descriptors

Production of Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) from Local Material (Kaolin)

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