Preparation and usage of nanomaterials in biomedicine

Abstract

Nanotechnology is one of the most promising and decisive technologies in the world. Nanomaterials, as the primary research aspect of nanotechnology, are quite different from macroscopic materials because of their unique optical, electrical, magnetic, thermal properties, and more robust mechanical properties, which make them play an essential role in the field of materials science, biomedical field, aerospace field, and environmental energy. Different preparation methods for nanomaterials have various physical and chemical properties and are widely used in different areas. In this review, we focused on the preparation methods, including chemical, physical, and biological methods due to the properties of nanomaterials. We mainly clarified the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of different preparation methods. Then, we focused on the applications of nanomaterials in biomedicine, including biological detection, tumor diagnosis, and disease treatment, which provide a development trend and promising prospects for nanomaterials.

Classification and applications of nanomaterials in vitro diagnosis

“…As a result, nanopores' ability to read the sequences of individual protein residues is determined by well-defined fluctuations in ionic currents. Nanopore arrays, in particular, allow high-throughput parallel detection of low-abundance proteins, protein rescue in the absence of in vitro amplification methods, and the interpretation of long-read proteins without labeling and/or enrichment [ 73 , 74 ].…”