Preparation and study on the properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/polyphenylene oxide polymer blend

Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) is a well-known high heat-resistant polymer and miscible with polystyrene. However, it is not miscible with many polymers containing polar groups. In the present study, PPO was nitrated to prepare a nitrated PPO (NPPO) containing polar nitro groups and blended with a copolymer of styrene/acrylonitrile (SAN). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) data showed that NPPO in SAN-rich phase was miscible with SAN, while NPPO in NPPO-rich phase was partially phase-separated from SAN, both over the entire blend composition range from NPPO wt. fractions of 0.1-0.5 investigated for this work. Analyses of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and ultra-violet (UV-VIS) spectra indicated that the miscibility of NPPO with SAN was caused by intermolecular hydrogen bonding of C N group of SAN with OH end-group of NPPO in the NPPO/SAN blends. NPPO's OH end-group, meta-nitro 2,6-dimethyl phenol, was produced during nitration of PPO due to chain scission of aryl ether bond. Besides the intermolecular hydrogen bonding, dipolediplo interaction of the C N and nitro groups resulted in dissociation of the C N dimers and trimers to the C N monomers in the NPPO/SAN blends.

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Miscibility of nitrated poly(phenylene oxide) and styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer blends

Chen

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Miscible blends of chemically‐modified poly(phenylene oxides) with styrene copolymers containing polar groups

Chung

2024

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) is well‐known to be miscible with polystyrene, but immiscible with styrene copolymers containing polar groups. Certain nitrated‐PPOs (NPPOs) were found to be miscible with copolymers of styrene/acrylonitrile (SANs), copolymers of styrene/maleic anhydride (SMAs), a terpolymer of α‐methylstyrene/styrene/acrylonitrile (α‐MS/S/AN), and a copolymer of o‐ and p‐chlorostyrene (PCS). Also, certain simultaneously nitrated‐ and chlorinated‐PPOs (NCPPOs) were found to be miscible with SANs, SMAs and PCS whereas immiscible with the α‐MS/S/AN. The miscibility was indicated by the presence of a single composition‐dependent glass‐transition temperature for a given blend across the entire range of blend compositions tested. The miscibility of the aforementioned NPPOs and NCPPOs blends with SAN1 and SMA1 is attributed to hydrogen bonding of hydroxy groups of NPPOs and NCPPOs with nitrile groups and carbonyl groups, respectively, based on the literature information. The hydroxy groups were generated during nitration and simultaneous nitration/chlorination of PPO as a result of nucleophilic chain scission. Miscible blends of ‐NPPO/SAN and ‐NPPO/SMA with ABS1 showed a substantially better balance of the following properties than a comparable immiscible‐NPPO/SAN blend and a ‐PPO/SAN blend with ABS1: notched Izod impact strength, tensile properties, heat distortion temperature and gasoline stress‐crack resistance.Highlights Nitration and simultaneous nitration/chlorination of PPO generated hydroxyl end groups. Certain NPPOs and NCPPOs were miscible with SANs, SMAs and PCS. Miscibility indicated by a single composition dependent Tg for a given blend. Miscibility attributed to hydrogen bonding of respective functional groups. Impact‐modified miscible‐NPPO/SAN blends and ‐NPPO/SMA blends with ABS1 as impact modifier had good key properties.

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Morphology, mechanical performance and flame resistance of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/polyphenylene oxide (PPO) blends incorporated with halloysite nanoclay and polyphenylene ether-grafted maleic anhydride

Tuan,

Dat,

Huynh

et al. 2023

Polym. Bull.

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In this work, the incorporation of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and polyphenylene ether-grafted maleic anhydride copolymer (FB) into acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/polyphenylene oxide (PPO) blend has been investigated with the aim of enhancing the compatibility and performance of the blends. ABS/PPO blend (AP) with the weight ratio of ABS/PPO = 70/30 with 5 wt.% loading of FB and different weight contents of HNTs were elaborated by melt blending process, and their properties were studied. The SEM observation revealed that AP blend exhibited dispersed phases of PPO droplets with clear gaps between PPO and ABS phases, indicating poor adhesion between the polymers in the blend. As the compatibilizer, FB effectively enhanced the inter-phase interaction, minimizing the formation of interfacial gaps, which was evidenced by the SEM images, leading to the adhesion between ABS, PPO and HNTs phases. As the result, the mechanical performance of the AP blend were signi cantly improved with the addition of FB and HNTs. At 5 wt.% of HNT, the AP/FB/HNT blend exhibited tensile strength of 37.47 MPa and exural strength of 59.09 MPa compared to 26.60 MPa and 39.45 MPa of neat AP, respectively. The glass transition points of the modi ed blends showed shifts compared to the neat AP, which indicating the improvement in miscibility of the modi ed-AP blends. The thermal stability and ame resistance of the blends were also enhanced with the introduction of HNTs and FB, evidenced with the V-1 rating in the UL-94 test as well as the increase in limiting oxygen index (LOI). These results demonstrated that the incorporation of HNTs and FB is a promising and simple method to improve the properties of ABS/PPO blends.

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Preparation and study on the properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/polyphenylene oxide polymer blend

Cited by 4 publications

References 8 publications

Miscibility of nitrated poly(phenylene oxide) and styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer blends

Miscibility of nitrated poly(phenylene oxide) and styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer blends

Miscible blends of chemically‐modified poly(phenylene oxides) with styrene copolymers containing polar groups

Morphology, mechanical performance and flame resistance of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)/polyphenylene oxide (PPO) blends incorporated with halloysite nanoclay and polyphenylene ether-grafted maleic anhydride

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