Preparation and sintering of Ce1?xGdxO2?x/2 nanopowders and their electrochemical and EPR characterization

Synthesis of ceria-based electrolyte nanometric powders by urea-combustion technique

“…Several synthesis routes have been developed to produced nanocrystalline CeO 2 -based powders. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] As is well-known, the wet-chemical synthesis methods produce ceramics single or multioxide powders with high sinterability, high surface area, well-defined chemical compositions and homogeneous distribution of the elements. In spite of the quality of the powders produced and although powder synthesis can be achieved at low temperature, many solution processes are complicated and lengthy procedures which limit their applicability.…”

Sintering of gadolinia-doped ceria prepared by mechanochemical synthesis

“…1,2 Intensive milling can reduce the particle size and also activate the material for the sintering process and thus subsequently reduce the sintering temperature. 3 Intensive mechanical treatment in ball mills or attritors is often accompanied by chemical reactions between the components, and by the appearance of chemical products that usually form at temperatures of about 1000 • C. 4 A negative feature accompanying the milling of fine particles is their agglomeration.…”

Synthesis of nano-crystalline Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 electrolyte by novel sol–gel thermolysis process for IT-SOFCs

“…7, the GDC conductivities reported in this work are similar to those reported in the literature. [22][23][24] Furthermore the activation energy (E a = 0.87 eV) was smaller in ST 400 sample than ST 600 sample, all of these differences in conductivity and activation energy, can be explained by the difference in relative density. The increase of ionic conductivity of GDC ceramics with increasing density of samples was also observed by Torrens et al (relative density range 86-98%) 25 and by Ivanov et al (relative density range 94-100%).…”