Preparation and release kinetics of carboxymethyl chitosan/cellulose acetate microspheres as drug delivery system

Abstract

Carboxymethyl chitosan, a water soluble chitosan derivative, was prepared from chitosan using monochloroacetic acid. Carboxymethyl chitosan/cellulose acetate microspheres (CCM) were prepared using the method of W/O/W and emulsification solvent evaporation as drug delivery system. The CCMs prepared were spherical, free-flowing, and nonaggregated with the smooth appearance and many small pores on the surface. All CCMs prepared had sustained release efficiency for acetaminophen and the optimal formulation was that carboxymethyl chitosan of 2.0% and 1360 KD. In addition, the release rate of drug from CCMs in dilute hydrochloric acid was much slower than that in phosphate buffer saline (pH 6.8) during 24 h. It is illustrated that the drug loaded in CCMs released slower in simulated gastric fluid than that in simulated intestinal fluid. Furthermore, the drug release data showed better fitness with the first order model which indicated that the drug release from CCMs was depended on the drug concentration in the polymeric networks. And the release of drug from CCMs indicated diffusion-controlled drug release based on Fickian diffusion and accompanied with anomalous transport (i.e., non-Fickian diffusion) according to the values obtained from Higuchi model and Peppas models. So it was shown that the CCMs might be an ideal sustained release system for acid-labile drugs both for the solubility of carboxymethyl chitosan and the release media.

Ultrasonic mediated production of carboxymethyl cellulose: Optimization of conditions using response surface methodology

“…Carboxymethyl cellulose is one of the most valuable and important derivatives of cellulose, which has various applications in textile, food, oil drilling, chemicals, ceramic and building industries (Oun & Rhim, 2015). Today this materail has found new intrests in advanced fields like tissue engineering (Khan & Ahmad, 2013), dye adsorbent (Genlin Zhang, Yi, Deng, & Sun, 2014), hemostatic agent (Ohta et al, 2015), lithium ion batteries (Zhu et al, 2015), adsorption of heavy metals (Wei, Kim, Song, Bediako, & Yun, 2015) and drug delivery (Zhou, Cao, Li, Zhang, & Ding, 2015). It is usually synthesised by a two-step alkali-catalyzed reaction of cellulose with monochloroacetic acid (MCA).…”

Evaluasi Aktivitas Antibakteri Hidrogel Hibrid Maleoil Kitosan – Dialdehid Alginat

“…Hidrogel pada saat ini telah menarik perhatian karena aplikasinya yang sangat luas terutama dibidang farmasi dan biomedis. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengembangkan hidrogel dengan fitur gabungan seperti halnya struktur fisik tiga dimensi yang sesuai, sifat mekanik yang diinginkan, kemampuan menyerap air yang tinggi, biodegradasi dan biokompatibilitas, yang semuanya sangat diperlukan untuk applikasi biomedis.Hidrogel adalah jaringan polimer tiga dimensi hidrofilik yang terikat silang secara fisika atau kimia yang tidak larut namun mampu menyerap dan memerangkap sejumlah besar air atau cairan biologis dan volumenya akan meningkat secara drastis [9], sehingga sangat mirip dan kompatibel dengan jaringan makhluk hidup [1,21]. Sebagai tanggapan atas kepedulian lingkungan, penelitian yang intensif baru-baru ini diarahkan pada penggunaan polimer alami yang berlimpah seperti kitin, pati, selulosa, kitosan dan alginat untuk memproduksi hidrogel [9].…”

“…Kitosan adalah polisakarida alami yang merupakan kopolimer amina glukosa dan unit N-asetilglukosamin yang dihubungkan oleh ikatan -(1-4) glikosida, diperoleh melalui deasetilasi kitin [2,7,8,9,21] secara parsial maupun penuh dan memiliki tiga jenis gugus nukleofilik fungsional yaitu NH2 pada C-2, OH sekunder C-3 dan OH primer C-6 (14), serta memiliki aktivitas antimikroba sehingga banyak aplikasi telah ditemukan baik sendiri atau dicampur dengan polimer alami yang lain [ 2,7,9].…”

“…Sifat aktivitas antimikroba kitosan terkait dengan struktur polikationiknya akan menghasilkan interaksi elektrostatik yang kuat dengan permukaan sel bakteri bermuatan negatif, sehingga mengganggu membran sel dan menyebabkan kebocoran [1,18]. Namun aktivitas ini terbatas hanya dalam medium asam sampai pH sekitar 6,5 ketika polimer ini dapat larut dan mengemban muatan positif [13,18,21].…”

Response surface method to optimize the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose from corn peel agricultural waste

“…CMC is soluble in water and is used in applications such as tissue engineering 3 , drug delivery systems 4,5 , and adsorption of heavy metals 6 and dyes 7 . CMC is commonly synthesized by carboxymethylation of cellulose with monochloroacetic acid (MCA) in alkaline conditions 8,9 , with the reaction starting from the conversion of cellulose to alkaline cellulose in the presence of NaOH and then reaction with MCA to form CMC as the sodium salt 10 .…”