Preparation and properties of small diameter tubular solid oxide fuel cells for rapid start-up

Cathode-supported micro-tubular SOFCs based on Nd1.95NiO4+δ: Fabrication and characterisation of dip-coated electrolyte layers

“…Kilbride [1] has fabricated electrolyte-supported tubular SOFC with a diameter of 2.4 mm and lengths of 4 mm-100 mm (called micro-tubular SOFC to point out the difference to Siemens-Westinghouse with tubes of ca. 22 mm inner diameter and 1500 mm length) that were thermally cycled between 20 and 900°C up to 53 times with heating and cooling rates of 100 K/min without any sign of cell performance degradation due to thermal cycling.…”

Influence of the starting materials on performance of high temperature oxide fuel cells devices

“…The state-of-the-art electrolyte material for SOFCs is yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) 1,3 . Thin electrolytes have been used to lower the ohmic losses as all suitable materials for fuel cells have low ionic conductivities.…”

“…The cermet both reduces/prevents thermal mismatch between the nickel and the YSZ and produces a large three phases boundary. One problem caused by the use of the cermets is the nickel sintering over time, that reduces the active surface of the electrode 3 . However, this can be minimized by control of the grain size and microstructure of the cermet.…”

Fabrication and performance of LaGaO3-Based tubular SOFC’s

“…Small-scale tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC's), as described by Kendall and co-workers [1][2], and later Sammes and co-workers [3][4], have many advantages over other designs, including excellent thermal shock properties, rapid start-up ability, and high mechanical integrity. The traditional electrolyte for use in these and other SOFC designs has been doped-ZrO2, due to its good ionic conductivity at 900 to 1000 ~ its stability in both oxidizing and reducing environments encountered in the SOFC's, and its good mechanical integrity [5][6].…”