Preparation and Properties of SBR Composites Containing Graphene Nanoplatelets Modified with Pyridinium Derivative

Abstract

The goal of this work was to study the effect of graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) modified with ionic liquid (IL) on properties of styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. GnPs were decorated with IL or were modified in bulk directly during rubber mix preparation. The ionic liquid used was 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BMPFB). The textural properties were studied to confirm surface modification of GnPs with BMPFB. In these investigations, the impact of the concentration of GnPs and the effect of the method of GnPs’ modification with IL on elastomers properties are described. Some thermal measurements (e.g., differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry) were conducted to characterize the thermal stability or the vulcanization process of the investigated samples. Complementary experimental techniques were used to investigate the properties of the obtained elastomers, specifically tensile testing, and electrical and barrier property measurements. The deposition of IL on the GnPs’ surface positively influenced the mechanical and barrier properties of elastomers. However, samples containing graphene nanoplatelets modified from solution were characterized by less electrical conductivity. SEM analysis was additionally performed to investigate GnPs’ dispersion within SBR composites.

Non‐covalent interactions between ionic liquid and graphene nanoplatelets as a tool to fine tune the properties of styrene butadiene rubber nanocomposites

“…IMG started to degrade at a lower temperature than BMIB and showed more weight loss compared to GnP. The BMIB was adsorbed on graphene surface and the degradation of BMIB on the surface of GnPs decreases its temperature of maximum rate of degradation by 65 C. 13 This lowering in the thermal stability of IMG compared to GnP corroborates the incorporation BMIB on the surface of GnPs.…”

“…Even though it is difficult, the covalent and non-covalent functionalization of graphene is possible. 13 Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) having excellent chemical and thermal stability, very low vapor pressure, nonflammability, and high ionic conductivity have been marketed as "green solvents" and are used for numerous applications along with polymers. 14 ILs have been incorporated to improve the infill dispersion, mechanical and thermal properties, and ionic conductivity of elastomers.…”

“…Due to its typical structural characteristics, there are few reports on the use of pristine graphene for large‐scale applications. Even though it is difficult, the covalent and non‐covalent functionalization of graphene is possible 13 …”

Hybrid reinforcement of styrene‐butadiene rubber nanocomposites with carbon black, silica, and graphene

“…Gaca et al added 5 phr of graphene nanoplatelets to SBR and experienced a 50% increase in elongation at break and over 100% increase in tensile strength. They achieved these results via the surface modification of graphene 44 …”

“…They achieved these results via the surface modification of graphene. 44 Malas et al demonstrated that the mechanical properties of chloroprene rubber and chlorosulphonated polyethylene rubber were significantly enhanced by the addition of up to 9 phr of graphene oxide. They reported a 35% increase in abrasion resistance and up to 400% increase in tensile strength for their nanocomposites.…”