Preparation and properties of negatively charged styrene acrylic latex particles cross-linked with divinylbenzene

Eren, Bi̇lge; Solmaz, Yasemin

doi:10.1007/s10973-019-09121-8

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The second step, between 330 C and 420 C, can be assigned to the decomposition of the copolymer main chain, the breakage of the ester bonds. [27,28]. The third step, between 600-800 C, the copolymer decomposes collectively and carbonization (charcoal formation) followed by oxidation takes place [29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Role of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on the Film Properties of Styrene-Butyl Acrylate-Acrylic Acid Copolymer Latex

Eren

Solmaz

2020

Sakarya University Journal of Science

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In this study, the concentration effect of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a surfactant in the synthesis of styrene/acrylic acid/butyl acrylate copolymer (SAC) latex particles via seeded emulsion polymerization technique was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), minimum film-forming temperature (MFFT), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques were used to explain the change on physicochemical properties and morphology. The main goal is to determine an optimal surfactant concentration to obtain latexes with low MFFT. DLS studies showed that the particle size decreases 118.30 to 75.18 nm with the increase of SLS concentration. MFFT of latexes decreased with increasing SLS concentration. From the TGA curves, it was found that all the SAC latex particles exhibit a three-step decomposition process. The observed single Tg values for SAC particles showed that the latexes were prepared successfully.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sty, BA, and AAc ratios were 44/54/2 wt%, respectively. Polymerization was conducted according to our previous study about seeded emulsion polymerization [27]. Latex particle compositions are given in Table 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on the Film Properties of Styrene-Butyl Acrylate-Acrylic Acid Copolymer Latex

Eren

Solmaz

2020

Sakarya University Journal of Science

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“…It is also clear that the SNps were highly aggregated at pH = 9. The DVB, due to its difference of reactivity with St, interferes in the nucleation and the polymerization growth process and disturbs the polymerization mechanisms, even at low concentration, inducing the production of irregular-shaped latex particles [41,42,44,53]. DVB is more reactive than St and reacts with VBS, a soluble monomer, in the early stages of the reaction.…”

Section: St-co-dvb Polymerization In the Presence Of Flocculated Snpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silica-Supported Styrene-Co-Divinylbenzene Pickering Emulsion Polymerization: Tuning Surface Charge and Hydrophobicity by pH and Co-Aid Adsorption

2021

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In this work, polymerizations of styrene (St) in the presence of divinylbenzene (DVB) as a crosslinking agent and sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate (VBS) have been performed in Pickering emulsions, using silica nanoparticles (SNps) as stabilizing agents and ammonium persulfate as a hydrophilic initiator. In oil-in-water Pickering emulsions with alkaline continuous phase (pH = 9) at 1, 2, and 3 wt% DVB (relative to St), polydisperse spheroid copolymer submicronic nanoparticles were obtained. Comparatively, polymerizations performed in Pickering emulsions with acidic continuous phase (pH = 5) allowed preparing St-co-DVB microspheres with core–shell structures at 1 wt% DVB and St-co-DVB hybrid monoliths with bi-continuous morphologies at 2 and 3 wt% DVB. It is noteworthy that this work reports Pickering emulsion polymerization as a new strategy for preparing hybrid percolated scaffolds with bi-continuous porosity. The proposed mechanisms originated by pH, DVB, and VBS and the drastic impact caused on the final morphology obtained, either hybrid particles or monoliths, are discussed herein.

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“…To impart a charge to the toner particle, a charge control agent (CCA) is introduced to the toner [10]. CCAs are frequently ion surfactants or metal soaps that produce inverse micelles in the liquid dispersant [11]. Toner materials or particles can be charged positively or negatively depending on the particle materials and CCA employed [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Encapsulation of Carbon Nanotubes by Styrene and Butyl Acrylate Particles via Suspension Polymerization for Polymerized Toner Applications

2023

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Electrophotographic printing and copying processes primarily use toner, which is a mixture of colorant, polymer, and additives. Toner can be made using traditional mechanical milling techniques or more contemporary chemical polymerization techniques. Suspension polymerization provides spherical particles with less stabilizer adsorption, homogeneous monomers, higher purity, and easier control of the reaction temperature. In contrast to these advantages, however, the particle size resulting from suspension polymerization is too large for toner. To overcome this disadvantage, devices such as high-speed stirrers and homogenizers can be used to reduce the size of the droplets. This research investigated the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) instead of carbon black as the pigment in toner development. We succeeded in achieving a good dispersion of four different types of CNT, specifically modified with NH2 and Boron or unmodified with long or short chains in water rather than chloroform, using sodium n-dodecyl sulfate as a stabilizer. We then performed polymerization of the monomers styrene and butyl acrylate in the presence of the different CNT types and found that the best monomer conversion and largest particles (in the micron range) occurred with CNTs modified with boron. The insertion of a charge control agent into the polymerized particles was achieved. Monomer conversion of over 90% was realized with all concentrations of MEP-51, whereas conversion was under 70% with all concentrations of MEC-88. Furthermore, analysis with dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that all polymerized particles were in the micron size range, suggesting that our newly developed toner particles were less harmful and environmentally friendly products than those typically and commercially available. The SEM micrographs clearly showed good dispersion and attachment of the CNTs on the polymerized particles (no CNT aggregation was found), which has never been published before.

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Preparation and properties of negatively charged styrene acrylic latex particles cross-linked with divinylbenzene

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

The Role of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on the Film Properties of Styrene-Butyl Acrylate-Acrylic Acid Copolymer Latex

The Role of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on the Film Properties of Styrene-Butyl Acrylate-Acrylic Acid Copolymer Latex

Silica-Supported Styrene-Co-Divinylbenzene Pickering Emulsion Polymerization: Tuning Surface Charge and Hydrophobicity by pH and Co-Aid Adsorption

Encapsulation of Carbon Nanotubes by Styrene and Butyl Acrylate Particles via Suspension Polymerization for Polymerized Toner Applications

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