Preparation and Properties of Nanopolysaccharides

Quantitative Analysis of Compatibility and Dispersibility in Nanocellulose-Reinforced Composites: Hansen Solubility and Raman Mapping

“…Nanocellulose is an “ageless” biomass nanomaterial with at least one nanoscale dimension, known as the mechanical building block of cellulose-containing species. Basically, nanocellulose can be divided into two families, viz ., rigid and highly crystalline cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and semiflexible cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) depending on their different production processes. , Endowed with numerous properties, such as renewability, good biocompatibility, nontoxicity, active surface chemistry, and low density but high mechanical modulus, nanocellulose is being developed for a broad range of applications from functional additives in composites, packaging, coating, construction, food industry, and cosmetics to body materials in papermaking, energy storage, filtration, and biomedical materials. , Average values of around 130 and 100 GPa are reported for the longitudinal modulus of CNCs and CNFs, respectively, with a low density for crystalline cellulose of about 1.5–1.6 g cm –3 , which is similar to the commercial reinforcing agent Kevlar (60–125 GPa, 1.45 g cm –3 ) and potentially stronger than steel (200–220 GPa, 8 g cm –3 ) . The impressive specific modulus and high aspect ratio of nanocellulose make it an ideal candidate as a reinforcing filler for composites, which has been widely studied in various polymeric matrices, including natural polymers as well as polar and nonpolar synthetic polymers. − …”

Self-assembly fundamentals in the reconstruction of lignocellulosic materials: A review

“…For lignocellulosic materials, the most notable examples of shape-related organization are associated with cellulose nanocrystals (Habibi et al 2010;Lavoine et al 2019). Thus, Han et al (2013) showed that a wide variety of CNCs and other forms of cellulosic nanomaterials could form various regular patterns in aqueous suspension, depending on the details.…”

Bottom-up assembly of nanocellulose structures

“…The natural tendency of high aspect ratio nanocellulose to form percolated networks and "gel" makes it ideal for the formation of hydrogels (Pääkko et al, 2007). (Note that aspect ratio is the ratio of a particle's major dimension to minor dimension, length divided by diameter for rods, and by some definitions, anything that is over 1, i.e., not a sphere, is considered high aspect ratio -in general, CNFs have larger aspect ratios than CNCs (Lavoine et al, 2019).) In fact, a large amount of research has been carried out on the viability of both CNCs and CNFs in these structures, as covered in an extensive review summarizing the 200+ articles available in the literature (De France et al, 2017).…”