Preparation and properties of high molar mass nylon-4,6: a new development in nylon polymers

Roerdink, E.; Warnier, J.M.M.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(85)90098-9

Cited by 77 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Although adipic acid has very little tendency to form its sevenmembered cyclic imide, under typical polymerization conditions it does cyclize to the fivemembered cyclopentanone by the elimination of carbon dioxide. The formation of pyrrolidine from 1,4-diaminobutane was reported by ROER-DINK et al [69,70] in the manufacture of PA 46. The pyrrolidine formation and the instability of adipic acid preclude the attainment of high molecular mass in the melt polymerization of PA 46 (see Section 5.1).…”

Section: Effects Of Monomer Structurementioning

confidence: 79%

“…A product with a narrow molecular mass distribution was obtained by SPP of 46-salt at 290 C [120]. Prepolymerization in the presence of water followed by SPP yields a commercial quality product [121,122]. Second-order kinetics are said to apply [121].…”

Section: Solid-phase Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prepolymerization in the presence of water followed by SPP yields a commercial quality product [121,122]. Second-order kinetics are said to apply [121].…”

Section: Solid-phase Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyamides

Herzog¹,

Kohan²,

Mestemacher³

et al. 2013

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Nomenclature 3. General Considerations in Polyamidation 3.1. Molecular Mass 3.2. Equilibrium and Rate Constants 3.3. Effects of Monomer Structure 3.4. Amide Interchange 3.5. Structure‐Property Considerations 4. Other Polymerization Techniques 4.1. Variants of Hydrolytic Polymerization 4.2. Interfacial and Solution Polymerization 4.3. Ionic Polymerization 4.4. Solid‐Phase Polymerization 5. Commercial Processes 5.1. PA 46 5.2. PA 66 5.2.1. Batch Production 5.2.2. Continuous Production 5.3. Other AABB‐Polyamides 5.4. PA 6 5.5. PA 11 5.6. PA 12 6. Properties 6.1. Properties of Unmodified Polyamides 6.2. Copolymerization 6.3. Modification by Additives 6.3.1. Filled and Reinforced Polyamides 6.3.2. Blends and Alloys 6.3.3. Flame‐Retardant Polyamides 6.3.4. Conductive Polyamides 6.3.5. Other Formulations 7. Processing 8. Uses 9. Ecological Aspects and Toxicology 9.1. Recycling 9.2. Polyamide Monomers 9.3. Other Aspects 10. Economic Aspects

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Section: Effects Of Monomer Structurementioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Solid-phase Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyamides

Herzog¹,

Kohan²,

Mestemacher³

et al. 2013

Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry

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“…The larger the T m1 Ϫ T c , the more easily crystallization takes place. 19 Fractions s-PP5 and s- PP6 were found to have larger T m1 Ϫ T c . A possible explanation is that these two fractions had lower syndiotacticity, as well as higher molecular weight, because a decrease in syndiotacticity and an increase in molecular weight will impede crystallization.…”

Section: Melting Behavior Of S-pp Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nonisothermal crystallization of s-PP fractions

Feng

Liu

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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Syndiotactic polypropylene (s-PP) was prepared by metallocene catalyst and was fractionated with the temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) technique. The nonisothermal behavior of the obtained fractions was investigated. Fractions was first cooled at different rates and then heated at a constant rate. The parameters such as the peak crystallization temperature (T c ), the onset crystallization temperature (T on ), the difference between T on and T c (⌬T 1 ϭ T on Ϫ T c ), the crystallization enthalpy (⌬H), the peak melting temperatures (T m1 , T m2 ), and the difference between the T m1 and T m2 (⌬T 2 ϭ T m2 Ϫ T m1 ) were obtained. The dependence of these parameters on cooling rate, syndiotacticity, and molecular weight was discussed. It is found that T c , T on , ⌬H, T m1 , and T m2 systematically increase with increasing syndiotacticity and are depressed on increasing the cooling rate. Cooling rate, syndiotacticity, and molecular weight show different influences on ⌬T 1 . In the melting process of s-PP, double peaks were observed.

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“…To allow a direct comparison of the crystallization rates of various polymers on a single scale, empirical methods were proposed [42][43][44]. Among them, Khanna [42] introduced a "crystallization rate coefficient" (CRC) which can be measured from the slope of the plot of cooling rate versus crystallization peak temperature and used as a guide for ranking the polymers on a scale of crystallization rates.…”

Section: Crystallization Rate Coefficientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical behavior and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ε- caprolactone)/poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) blends

2010

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Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL/Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) blends are shown to have the potential to be used in a range of biomedical applications and can be processed with successive in-situ polymerization procedures. In this paper, the thermomechanical analysis of PCL and PCL/PVP blends was performed using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The storage and loss moduli as a function of temperature and frequency were recorded. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PCL and PCL/PVP blends were analyzed using Ozawa model and Mo-Liu equation, a combination equation of Avrami and Ozawa formulas. The Ozawa analysis failed to describe the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of blends, whereas the Mo-Liu equation successfully described the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of PCL and PCL/PVP blends. In addition, the value of crystallization rate coefficient under nonisothermal crystallization conditions was calculated. The PCL/PVP blends compared with the pure PCL and PVP had a restrain effect on the crystallization kinetics of PCL in the blends. Combining the results of DMA and DSC, PVP effectively decreased the crystallinity of PCL and enhanced its damping properties, which indicated that PCL/PVP blends could be more suitable than PCL in some biomedical applications, as it might help in the dissipation of the mechanical energy generated by the patient movements.

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Preparation and properties of high molar mass nylon-4,6: a new development in nylon polymers

Cited by 77 publications

References 6 publications

Polyamides

Polyamides

Nonisothermal crystallization of s-PP fractions

Thermomechanical behavior and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(ε- caprolactone)/poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) blends

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