Preparation and properties of halogen-free flame-retardant layered silicate-polyamide 66 nanocomposites

Tamura, Kenji; Ohyama, Shoichi; Umeyama, Kiyoshi; Kitazawa, Takio; Yamagishi, Akihiko

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2016.02.027

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Along with the fast development of the modern manufacturing industry, the manufacturers and customers have a high requirement on the performance of PA66 products; however, the unmodified PA66 cannot completely meet the demand of the emerging market. To enhance its performance and expand its field of application, various PA66 composites modified with nanofillers have been developed in recent years, such as the carbon nanotube [6,7], nanoclay [1,[8][9][10], and nanoparticles [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Polymerization of Nylon 66/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites

Duan

Yang

et al. 2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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A one-step method of in situ polymerization of nylon 66/reduced graphene oxide (PA66/rGO) nanocomposites is first proposed, simply by introducing graphene oxide (GO) into PA66 salt with the existence of ammonium hydroxide. The GO is prereduced by the ammonium hydroxide at an early stage of the polymerization process and then grafted on the PA66 chains, accompanied with the thermal reduction of GO. The PA66 chains were grafted onto the GO nanosheets through the condensation between the oxygen-containing functional groups of the GO and the terminal amino ends of the PA66 chains. The effect of GO on the mechanical properties, especially tensile strength, of nanocomposites was investigated. The results revealed that the incorporation of a very small amount (about 1 wt%) of GO caused a significant improvement in ultimate tensile strength (about 17%). The SEM of the fracture surface of composites indicated a good dispersion of rGO in the matrix. Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and XRD patterns of rGO, which was isolated from nanocomposites, revealed that the GO nanolayers were simultaneously reduced and PA66 chains were grafted on the rGO nanosheet during the polymerization process. The rGO grafted with the PA66 chain increases its compatibility in the PA66 matrix and effectively enhanced the interfacial energy of the composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Polymerization of Nylon 66/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites

Duan

Yang

et al. 2018

Journal of Nanomaterials

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“…As for the mechanical properties, the strength and the toughness of PA composites with 10% filler content were improved. In another study, partial replacement of MCA with modified-layered silicate (MLS) was attempted [82]. In this case, MCA was intercalated in layered silicates.…”

Section: Organic-based Flame Retardantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halogen-free flame retardants for application in thermoplastics based on condensation polymers

et al. 2019

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Future materials in the field of thermoplastics require a lower impact on the environment. Actual thermoplastic materials also require "greener" additives for thermal and fire resistance profile. In this work, some of the recent solutions for halogen-free flame retardants were discussed in the context of viable routes with economical and industrial relevance. The fire retardant mechanism was discussed in order to imagine new solutions for future additives. Some of the main (inorganic, organic or hybrid) flame retardants can be used as common platform for the next classes of thermoplastic composites (synthetic, natural, or bio-based). The new generation of flame retardants (based on the emerging solutions) will have to surpass two major barriers: the cost effectiveness and the need for high concentration (which usually affects other properties).

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“…Polyamide 66 (PA66) is an important engineering thermoplastic with excellent mechanical properties, high abrasion, outstanding electric performance, and good chemical resistance . PA66 is extensively used in many fields such as transportation, electrical and electronic applications, and aviation industry . However, the drawback of flammability limits its applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterizations of inherent flame retarded polyamide 66 containing the phosphorus linking pendent group

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Polyamide 66 (PA66) containing the phosphorus linking pendent group with inherent flame retardancy property was prepared by condensation polymerization of hexamethylene diammonium adipate (AH salt) and 9,10-dihydro-10-[2,3-di(hydroxycarbonyl)propyl]-10phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DDP) as a co-monomer. Prior to condensation polymerization, DDP was reacted with hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), which made DDP easier to react with AH salt. Then, the DDP-HMDA was introduced into AH salt solution to prepare inherent flame retarded PA66 (FRPA66). Fourier transform infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile test, vertical burning test, limiting oxygen index test, cone calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy were utilized to investigate the properties of FRPA66.Experimental results indicated that the bulky pendent phosphorus group tended to destroy the structure regularity of FRPA66 and the molecular weight, crystallinity, and thermal stability reduced. The tensile strength of FRPA66 containing 5 wt% of DDP was 58.44 MPa, and it can achieve a V-0 rating according to the vertical burning test with the limiting oxygen index value of 33.2%. This indicated that the inherent flame retarded PA66 expanded the application of PA66 materials.

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Preparation and properties of halogen-free flame-retardant layered silicate-polyamide 66 nanocomposites

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

In Situ Polymerization of Nylon 66/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites

In Situ Polymerization of Nylon 66/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites

Halogen-free flame retardants for application in thermoplastics based on condensation polymers

Preparation and characterizations of inherent flame retarded polyamide 66 containing the phosphorus linking pendent group

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