Preparation and properties of glycerol‐based double‐ or triple‐chain surfactants with two hydrophilic ionic groups

Abstract

A novel series of glycerol-based double-or triplechain SUl~ factants with two sulfonate, two sulfate or two carboxylate groups was conveniently prepared by reactions of 14~ alkylglyeerol diglycidyl ethers with long-chain fatty alcohols, and followed by reae~ons with propanesnltone~ chlc~ rosulfonie acid or bromoacetic acid, respeetively. The sulfate and earboxylate types of compounds have higher water solubilities than the corresponding sulfonate type of compound bearing the same lipophilic group. The triplechain surfactants show excellent surface-active properties, such as micelle forming and ability to lower surface tension, compared not only with the corresponding singlechain anionic surfactants, but also with the corresponding double-chain surfactants. The effect of the difference in head groups of these compounds on surfac~active proper~ ties is described. Fonming properties, wetting ability and lime-soap dispersing requirement are also discussed.

Anionic Gemini Surfactants: A Distinct Class of Surfactants

“…The initial foam height and foam stability of disulfonate type anionic gemini of structure [ROCH 2 CH(OC 3 H 6 SO 3 Na)CH 2 ] 2 Y, where Y is small (-O-) and R is C 10 H 21 or C 12 H 23 are significantly greater than those of C 12 H 25 SO 4 Na For Y= -(OC 2 H 4 ) n -the initial foam height decreases slightly as n is increased from one to three, but foam stability decreases radically (33). Anionic gemini surfactants having carboxylate head groups of structure (C 11 H 23 ) 2 C(OCHCOONa) 2 , are observed to foam more than their conventional surfactants as C 11 and Mg ++ can be used in cleaning and other industrial processes where the presence of hard water makes the conventional surfactant ineffective (43). Lime-soap dispersing requirement of sulfated geminis with two decyl groups was about six and their lime soap dispersing ability was greatly improved in comparison with normal surfactants with one lipophilic chain and one functional group (12).…”

“…Synthesis of anionic geminis with sulfonate head groups is described in Scheme 4 (10)(11). Synthesis of anionic gemini with two sulfate head groups is described in Scheme 5 (12).…”

Dynamic Surface Tension of Aqueous Surfactant Solutions 8. Effect of Spacer on Dynamic Properties of Gemini Surfactant Solutions

“…[2] tant; dynamic surface tension; maximum bubble pressure; diffusion-controlled. Equation [1] can also be transformed into the form (7) p t Å p m /[1 / (1/a)exp(0ny)], [3] …”

Physicochemical Properties of 2-Vinylpyridine Telomers Possessing Multihydrocarbon Chains in Aqueous Solution and at the Silica/Aqueous Solution Interface

“…Recently, physicochemical properties of surfactants consisting of multichained and multihydrophilic groups have attracted extensive interest, and many reports involving calixarene have been published (1)(2)(3)(4).…”