“…1 Hence, many researchers have tried the development of selfhealing and/or self-sealing concrete toward extending the service life of concrete structures and reducing their repair and maintenance costs. [2][3][4][5] Recently, numerous studies have focused on enhancing the self-healing/sealing capability of cracked concrete by incorporating crystalline admixtures, 6,7 super absorbent polymers (SAPs), [8][9][10] tubular capsules, 10,11 microcapsules, [12][13][14][15] fibers, 16 bacteria, 17,18 and combinations of the aforementioned. 19,20 Of these autonomous healing agents, capsule types have a significant advantage: they can limit healing reactions around the damaged parts (i.e., cracks), and thus maintain functionality during the longterm service life of concrete.…”