Preparation and Properties of Anti-Nail-Biting Lacquers Containing Shellac and Bitter Herbal Extract

Abstract

The purpose of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate anti-nail-biting lacquers consisting of bitter herbal extracts. The hydroalcoholic extracts obtained from Andrographis paniculata and Tinospora crispa were determined for phytochemical constituents, total phenolic contents, antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory activities, and cytotoxicities. Anti-nail-biting lacquers were prepared by using herbal extracts (bittering agent), shellac (film forming polymer), ethanol (volatile solvent), and other indispensable additives with continuous stirring. Thus, attempts to enhance the film property and bitterness are accomplished by using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K30) as a copolymer and varying concentrations of herbal extracts. Good accepted formulations were established for drying time, pH, viscosity, smoothness of film, film strength, water resistant, and solubility in simulated saliva and evaluated their bitterness in human volunteers. The results revealed that phytochemical constituents including tannins, glycosides, reducing sugars, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids were found present in both extracts while saponins were only detected in A. paniculata extract. Although T. crispa extract exhibited a significantly higher ( p < 0.05 ) total phenolic content and antioxidant activity than A. paniculata extract, it showed lower protein denaturation inhibition property than A. paniculata extract. Because of the potentials of both extracts without cytotoxicity, anti-nail-biting lacquers containing either A. paniculata extract or T. crispa extract were developed and evaluated. Drying time of formulations was 6-11 min with visually seen glossiness of formulation. Formulations of the nail lacquer showed good pH, viscosity, smoothness of film, film strength, water resistant, and solubility in simulated saliva. The formulations displaying no significant cytotoxicity effect on CRL-2076 cells were assessed on healthy human volunteers to compare bitterness and film characteristics. The results revealed that the optimized formulation containing A. paniculata extract could successfully achieve good film forming property and bitterness release which is considered promising for stopping nail biting.

Development and Evaluation of a Stable Oil-in-Water Emulsion with High Ostrich Oil Concentration for Skincare Applications

“…The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by assessing the inhibition of heat-induced denaturation of egg albumin, following a modified version of the procedure outlined by Limmatvapirat et al [ 59 ]. Concisely, the reaction mixture consisted of 0.2 mL of fresh egg albumin, 2.8 mL of phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4), and 2 mL of sample solution at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 4 mg/mL.…”

Development and Evaluation of a Dry Emulsion of Ostrich Oil as a Dietary Supplement

“…The assessment of a sample's DPPH radical scavenging capacity, reflecting its ability to neutralize DPPH radicals by donating hydrogen atoms or electrons, followed the procedures outlined in our previous studies [61,62]. DPPH radicals, characterized by a deep violet color, display a prominent absorption band at 517 nm.…”

Advances in Natural Product Extraction Techniques, Electrospun Fiber Fabrication, and the Integration of Experimental Design: A Comprehensive Review

“…A. paniculata and T. crispa extracts could potentially be used as bittering agents in anti-nail-biting lacquers due to their bitter taste and biological activities. Despite having a substantially higher total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, T. crispa extract was significantly less bitter than A. paniculata extract [ 105 ]. The results demonstrated that bittering compounds and antioxidants could be extracted from both plants using 95% v / v ethanol.…”