Preparation and properties of a national reference endotoxin

Rudbach, Jon A.; Akiya, F I; Elin, Ronald J.; Hochstein, H D; Luoma, Marianna; Milner, Eric C. B.; Milner, Kelsey C.; Thomas, K R

doi:10.1128/jcm.3.1.21-25.1976

Cited by 92 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In all cases, blood was collected into heparin tubes using meticulous pyrogen-free conditions. TruCulture tubes (Myriad RBM) containing either cell culture media only (“control”) or cell culture media plus 10 ng, 100 ng, or 1 μg/mL E. coli 0113 US national reference strain LPS ( 26 ) (gift of Anthony Rudbach) were prepared in advance, stored at −20 °C or below, and thawed at room temperature immediately prior to use. 1 mL blood was added to each tube and samples were incubated for 2, 6 and 24 h at 37 °C with 5% CO 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Omic blood analysis reveals differences in innate inflammatory sensitivity between species

Gregory,

Han,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Vertebrates differ greatly in responses to pro-inflammatory agonists such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), complicating use of animal models to study human sepsis or inflammatory disorders. We compared transcriptomes of resting and LPS-exposed blood from six LPS-sensitive species (rabbit, pig, sheep, cow, chimpanzee, human) and four LPS-resilient species (mice, rats, baboon, rhesus), as well as plasma proteomes and lipidomes. Unexpectedly, at baseline, sensitive species already had enhanced expression of LPS-responsive genes relative to resilient species. After LPS stimulation, maximally different genes in resilient species included genes that detoxify LPS, diminish bacterial growth, discriminate sepsis from SIRS, and play roles in autophagy and apoptosis. The findings reveal the molecular landscape of species differences in inflammation, and may inform better selection of species for pre-clinical models.One-Sentence SummaryFundamental differences are present in blood of humans, mice and other species that differ in sensitivity to inflammation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Omic blood analysis reveals differences in innate inflammatory sensitivity between species

Gregory,

Han,

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…This EU is determined using a reference endotoxin standard known as RSE (Reference Standard Endotoxin). Originally, 1 EU was equivalent to 0.1 ng of an endotoxic LPS from E. coli O113:H10:K- [50], but nowadays, the more recent available RSE batch displays 1 EU = 0.12 ng [51]. Of course, due to the major diversity in LPS structures, it is difficult to rely on a single standard.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, Complexity, and Specificity of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Structures Impacting Their Detection and Quantification

Dardelle,

Phelip,

Darabi

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Endotoxins are toxic lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), extending from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and notorious for their toxicity and deleterious effects. The comparison of different LPSs, isolated from various Gram-negative bacteria, shows a global similar architecture corresponding to a glycolipid lipid A moiety, a core oligosaccharide, and outermost long O-chain polysaccharides with molecular weights from 2 to 20 kDa. LPSs display high diversity and specificity among genera and species, and each bacterium contains a unique set of LPS structures, constituting its protective external barrier. Some LPSs are not toxic due to their particular structures. Different, well-characterized, and highly purified LPSs were used in this work to determine endotoxin detection rules and identify their impact on the host. Endotoxin detection is a major task to ensure the safety of human health, especially in the pharma and food sectors. Here, we describe the impact of different LPS structures obtained under different bacterial growth conditions on selective LPS detection methods such as LAL, HEK-blue TLR-4, LC-MS2, and MALDI-MS. In these various assays, LPSs were shown to respond differently, mainly attributable to their lipid A structures, their fatty acid numbers and chain lengths, the presence of phosphate groups, and their possible substitutions.

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Endotoxin Content of Street Heroin

Tuazon¹

1981

Arch Intern Med

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Preparation and properties of a national reference endotoxin

Abstract: A large pool of refined endotoxin was prepared from Escherichia coli O113 by extraction with hot acqueous phenol. It was characterized chemically and biologically and will be available for a reference standard designated as reference endotoxin EC.

Cited by 92 publications

References 16 publications

Multi-Omic blood analysis reveals differences in innate inflammatory sensitivity between species

Multi-Omic blood analysis reveals differences in innate inflammatory sensitivity between species

Diversity, Complexity, and Specificity of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Structures Impacting Their Detection and Quantification

Endotoxin Content of Street Heroin

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