Preparation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Benzoyl Peroxide 5% Foamable Emu oil Emulsion

Abstract

The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate a minoxidil foamable emu oil emulsion with the purpose of improving minoxidil permeation into the skin, increasing hair growth, reducing skin irritation, and increasing consumer compliance. Minoxidil was dissolved in a solvent system comprising ethanol: glycerin: lactic acid: water (10:20:5:65). The foamable emulsion was prepared by mixing the oil phase with minoxidil solution using different amount of various emulsifiers. Seventeen formulations were prepared and the most stable foamable emulsion was selected and evaluated for various pharmaceutical parameters such as homogeneity, pH, stability to centrifugal stress, freeze-thaw and foamability. The adopted formulation showed good pharmaceutical characteristics. In vitro release rate of the formulations were evaluated using Franz diffusion cell using phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and ethanol as the receiver medium at sink condition. The release rate of formulations was found to obey Higuchi kinetic model. Experimental animal study was performed to evaluate hair growth potential of the formulation. Different cyclic phases of hair follicles, like anagen, and telogen phases, were determined at one month period. Histological study after treatment with adopted formulation exhibited greater number of hair follicles in anagenic phase (96%) which were higher as compared to marketed 5% minoxidil solution (Pakdaru® 70%) and the control group (42%). From animal study it was concluded that the selected formulation exhibited a significant potency in promoting hair growth in comparison with marketed 5% minoxidil solution Pakdaru®.

HIF-1α Stimulators Function Equally to Leading Hair Loss Agents in Enhancing Dermal Papilla Growth

“…Minoxidil is dissolved in alcohol, not water, and sold as such. Applying it twice daily can hence lead to irritation of the skin since alcohol is deeply dehydrating [24, 25].…”

“…Minoxidil is dissolved in alcohol, not water, and sold as such. Applying it twice daily can hence lead to irritation of the skin since alcohol is deeply dehydrating [24,25]. All HIF-pathway influencing compounds (minoxidil, DFO, and DFP) have a considerable effect on the DPCs in terms of proliferation, with DFP leading to the most daughter cell production, closely followed by minoxidil.…”

Topical Treatment for Scarring and Non-Scarring Alopecia: An Overview of the Current Evidence

“…38 Several complementary adjuvants, including natural actives and cosmetics compounds, which reduce skin oiliness or improve blood circulation at the application site have been added to these formulations. 34,39,40 Remove the underlying cause; topical corticosteroids. [27] Anagen effluvium Chemotherapy-induced alopecia characterized by a diffuse hair loss days to weeks after exposure to a chemotherapeutic agent.…”

“… 38 Several complementary adjuvants, including natural actives and cosmetics compounds, which reduce skin oiliness or improve blood circulation at the application site have been added to these formulations. 34 , 39 , 40 …”

Jojoba oil-based microemulsion for transdermal drug delivery

“…Natural oils including jojoba oil ( 9 10 11 ), cottonseed oil ( 12 ), coconut oil ( 13 ), and linseed oil ( 14 ) have attracted many investigators due to their biocompatibility, low irritation potential, and safety. Natural oils have been employed as non-aqueous vehicles and permeation enhancers in dermal and transdermal preparations ( 15 ). Jojoba oil differs from true oils in that it is a liquid wax ester composed mainly of esters of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols ( Fig.…”