Preparation and Physicochemical Characterization of a Diclofenac Sodium-Dual Layer Polyvinyl Alcohol Patch

Abstract

The aim of this study is to prepare a dual layer polyvinyl (PVA) patch using a combination of electrospinning techniques and cryogelation (freeze-thaw process) then subsequently to investigate the effect of freeze-thaw cycles, nanofiber thickness, and diclofenac sodium (DS) loading on the physicochemical and mechanical properties and formulation of dual layer PVA patches composed of electrospun PVA nanofibers and PVA cryogel. After the successful preparation of the dual layer PVA patch, the prepared patch was subjected to investigation to assess the effect of freeze-thaw cycles, nanofiber thickness and percentages of DS loading on the morphology, physiochemical and mechanical properties. Various spectroscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), water contact angle, and tensile tests were used to evaluate the physicochemical and mechanical properties of prepared dual layer PVA patches. The morphological structures of the dual layer PVA patch demonstrated the effectiveness of both techniques. The effect of freeze-thaw cycles, nanofiber thickness, and DS percentage loading on the crystallinity of a dual layer PVA patch was investigated using XRD analysis. The presence of a distinct DS peak in the FTIR spectrum indicates the compatibility of DS in a dual layer PVA patch through in-situ loading. All prepared patches were considered highly hydrophilic because the data obtained was less than 90°. The increasing saturation of DS within the PVA matrix increases the tensile strength of prepared patches, however decreased its elasticity. Evidently, the increasing of electrospun PVA nanofibers thickness, freeze-thaw cycles, and the DS saturation has improved the physicochemical and mechanical properties of the DS medicated dual layer PVA patches, making them a promising biomaterial for transdermal drug delivery applications.

Hybrid Films Prepared from a Combination of Electrospinning and Casting for Offering a Dual-Phase Drug Release

“…Successful drug delivery needs supports from both pharmaceutical excipients, pharmaceutical techniques, and their effective combinations [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. To a certain extent, the fields of pharmaceutics and drug delivery rely heavily on the inputs of materials sciences (new excipients) and engineering (new techniques) [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Thus, during the past half a century, on the one hand, more and more types of materials (including natural polymers, synthesis polymers, phospholipid, surfactants, and even inorganic materials) have been tried as new drug carriers for adjusting the drug release performances [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Advances in the Application of Electrospun Drug-Loaded Nanofibers in the Treatment of Oral Ulcers

“…This solution has simultaneous anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and analgesic effects, providing a new idea for the treatment of oral ulcers [ 30 ]. The double-layer PVA patch prepared by combining electrospinning technology and the freeze–thaw process can realize transdermal delivery of DS [ 140 ]. In conclusion, NSAIDs loaded into nanofibers proved to be effective in the healing of oral ulcers.…”

Orodispersible Membranes from a Modified Coaxial Electrospinning for Fast Dissolution of Diclofenac Sodium

“…DS is partially soluble in water, whose saturated solubility in PBS (pH = 7.0, 25 • C) is 1.13% [79]. As a popular non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, DS is available in a variety of dosage forms, particularly, there are many dosage forms for oral administration [80,81]. However, there are almost no reports about the OM of DS although OM is popular among patients.…”