Preparation and physical properties of hollow glass microspheres-reinforced epoxy matrix resins

Park, Soo‐Jin; Jin, Fan‐Long; Lee, Changjin

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2005.05.015

Cited by 153 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The toughness of epoxy polymers can be improved by a number of means, e.g. plasticisation of the polymer [1], creation of an inter-penetrating network (IPN) [2] and the introduction of a second, well-dispersed, minority phase of either soft rubbery particles [3][4][5] or rigid inorganic particles [6][7][8]. More recently, experimental details on toughening with other materials have also emerged, such as by the addition of block copolymers [9][10][11], graphene and derivative materials [12] and carbon nanotubes [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughened carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites with nanoparticle-modified epoxy matrices

et al. 2016

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In the current work, the microstructure and fracture performance of carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites based upon matrices of an anhydride-cured epoxy resin (formulated with a reactive diluent), and containing silica nanoparticles and/or polysiloxane core-shell rubber (CSR) nanoparticles, were investigated. Double cantilever beam tests were performed in order to determine the interlaminar fracture energy of the CFRP composites, while the single-edge-notched bend specimen was employed to evaluate the fracture energy of the bulk polymers. The fracture energy of the bulk epoxy polymers increased from 173 J/m 2 for the unmodified polymer to a maximum of 1237 J/ m 2 with the addition of 16 wt% of CSR nanoparticles. The toughening mechanisms were identified as (a) localised plastic shear yielding and (b) cavitation of the CSR particles followed by plastic void growth of the matrix. The steady-state propagation value of the interlaminar fracture energy of the CFRP composites increased with increasing nanoparticle concentration, from 1246 J/m 2 for the unmodified epoxy matrix to a maximum of 1851 J/m 2 with 4 wt% of silica nanoparticles and 8 wt% of CSR nanoparticles. Crack growth in the CFRP composites was dominated by fibre-bridging toughening mechanisms. The efficiency of the transfer of toughness from the bulk polymers to the carbon fibre composites was considered. The measured fracture energy of both bulk and composite materials decreased at a test temperature of -80°C, compared with room temperature, i.e. 20°C. Nevertheless, the toughening effects of both the silica and CSR nanoparticles on the bulk epoxy polymers and the CFRP composites, compared with the unmodified epoxy polymers, were still evident even at the lower temperature. Indeed, the toughening effect of the silica nanoparticles was greater at -80°C than at room temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toughened carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites with nanoparticle-modified epoxy matrices

et al. 2016

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“…Other methods include the addition of rigid particles such as silica nanoparticles [9,10], glass microparticles [11,12] or carbon nanotubes [13,14]. Hollow particles have also been used, either glass particles [15] or microcapsules containing a healing agent [16]. Hybrid materials, containing more than one type of particle, have also been used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microstructure and fracture performance of styrene–butadiene–methylmethacrylate block copolymer-modified epoxy polymers

Chong

Taylor

2013

J Mater Sci

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The microstructure and fracture performance of an anhydride-cured epoxy polymer modified with two poly(styrene)-b-1,4-poly(butadiene)-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (SBM) block copolymers were investigated in bulk form, and when used as the matrix material in carbon fibre reinforced composites. The 'E21' SBM block copolymer has a higher butadiene content and molecular weight than the 'E41'. A network of aggregated spherical micelles was observed for the E21 SBM modified epoxy, which became increasingly interconnected as the SBM content was increased. A steady increase in the fracture energy was measured with increasing E21 content, from 96 to 511 J/m 2 for 15 wt% of E21. Well-dispersed 'raspberry'-like SBM particles, with a sphere-on-sphere morphology of a poly(styrene) core covered with poly(butadiene) particles, in an epoxy matrix were obtained for loadings up to 7.5 wt% of E41 SBM. This changed to a partially phase-inverted structure at higher E41 contents, accompanied by a significant jump in the measured fracture energy to 1032 J/m 2 at 15 wt% of E41. The glass transition temperatures remained unchanged with the addition of SBM, indicating a complete phase separation. Electron microscopy and cross polarised transmission optical microscopy revealed localised shear band yielding, debonding and void growth as the main toughening mechanisms. Significant improvements in fracture energy were not observed in the fibre composites, indicating poor toughness transfer from the bulk to the composite. The fibre bridging observed for the unmodified epoxy matrix was reduced due to better fibre-matrix adhesion. The size of the crack tip deformation zone in the composites was restricted by the fibres, hence reducing the measured fracture energy compared to the bulk for the toughest matrix materials.

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“…Besides, for the composite, the glass transition spreads over a wider temperature range, with a higher glass transition temperature (T g ). This indicates a good matrix-reinforcement interaction in the composite 16 , reducing interface segment mobility and increasing T g , contributing for the observed mechanical properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Thermal and microestructural characterization of epoxy-infiltrated hydroxyapatite composite

2009

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In this work, hydroxyapatite (HAp) obtained from the deorganification of bovine bones using hot NaOH solution was used to synthesize a HAp/epoxy infiltrated composite. Infiltration was carried out by vacuum assisted immersion in hot epoxy resin. The resulting composite was characterized regarding polymer content, morphological aspects and flexural strength. The infiltration method used resulted in thorough infiltration of the HAp but some residual porosity remained. Although the epoxy resin showed good interaction with the HAp, high polymer content was achieved and the flexural strength of the composite was higher than that of the original resin or the HAp, composite strength was lower than that of the human cortical bone.

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Preparation and physical properties of hollow glass microspheres-reinforced epoxy matrix resins

Cited by 153 publications

References 21 publications

Toughened carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites with nanoparticle-modified epoxy matrices

Toughened carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites with nanoparticle-modified epoxy matrices

The microstructure and fracture performance of styrene–butadiene–methylmethacrylate block copolymer-modified epoxy polymers

Thermal and microestructural characterization of epoxy-infiltrated hydroxyapatite composite

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