Abstract:The rutile TiO 2 films with columnar nanostructure were prepared by combining the glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique in magnetron sputtering system with the subsequent two-step annealing treatment. Experimental results showed that all the TiO 2 films kept discrete columnar structures as the Ti films deposited by GLAD and accomplished the phase transition from Ti to rutile TiO 2 . Such TiO 2 films performed photocatalytic activity effectively and reusably towards methyl orange under UV light irradiation… Show more
“…05-0669, 21-1272, and 21-1276 of the ZnAl 2 O 4 , anatase-TiO 2 , and rutile-TiO 2 , respectively. This result was also found similar to the reported works [20,25]. During the preparation of nanoceramic composite material, the concentration of TiO 2 plays a significant role to alter the diameter of the crystallite.…”
This Letter reports the synthesis of nanoceramic composite ZnAl 2 O 4 TiO 2 by using a cost-effective and straight forward sol-gel route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the ZnAl 2 O 4 cubic structure along with the mixed anatase-and rutile-phases of TiO 2. Rietveld refinement is performed using XRD pattern to study the structural parameters. Raman investigation endorsed the corresponding vibration peaks of TiO 2 and ZnO. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy evidenced the agglomerated spherical nanoparticles. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis demonstrated the elementary peaks of Zn, Al, and Ti at 4.5, 1.5, and 1 eV, respectively. LCR measurement revealed the decreased dielectric permittivity with the rise in frequency and temperature. This dielectric characteristic is attributed to the dipole movement of the charge carriers. Furthermore, the authors present the investigation of the conductivity and impedance of the prepared dielectric ceramic material.
“…05-0669, 21-1272, and 21-1276 of the ZnAl 2 O 4 , anatase-TiO 2 , and rutile-TiO 2 , respectively. This result was also found similar to the reported works [20,25]. During the preparation of nanoceramic composite material, the concentration of TiO 2 plays a significant role to alter the diameter of the crystallite.…”
This Letter reports the synthesis of nanoceramic composite ZnAl 2 O 4 TiO 2 by using a cost-effective and straight forward sol-gel route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the ZnAl 2 O 4 cubic structure along with the mixed anatase-and rutile-phases of TiO 2. Rietveld refinement is performed using XRD pattern to study the structural parameters. Raman investigation endorsed the corresponding vibration peaks of TiO 2 and ZnO. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy evidenced the agglomerated spherical nanoparticles. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis demonstrated the elementary peaks of Zn, Al, and Ti at 4.5, 1.5, and 1 eV, respectively. LCR measurement revealed the decreased dielectric permittivity with the rise in frequency and temperature. This dielectric characteristic is attributed to the dipole movement of the charge carriers. Furthermore, the authors present the investigation of the conductivity and impedance of the prepared dielectric ceramic material.
“…However, the RMS of the GLAD sample was 5 nm, i.e., was significantly higher than that of the untilted sample. Moreover, these results are in good correlation with GLAD-related research, as RMS values are usually found to increase with the increasing oblique angle of deposition [24]. Such changes in morphology may lead to a significant decrease in the values of the contact angle of the coatings.…”
Section: Coatings 2018 8 X For Peer Review 4 Of 17supporting
confidence: 81%
“…In the field of optics and microelectronics, physical vapor deposition (PVD) of thin films, allowing the deposition of porous and/or columnar-like structured coatings, has been available for some years. For this purpose, the use of an oblique angle geometrical configuration-or as it is also known, glancing angle deposition (GLAD) method-is frequently exploited [23][24][25][26][27].…”
Zn-substituted hydroxyapatite with antibacterial effect was used in radiofrequency (RF) magnetron deposition of calcium phosphate coating onto Ti- and Si-inclined substrates. The development of surface nanopatterns for direct bacteria killing is a growing area of research. Here, we combined two approaches for possible synergetic antibacterial effect by manufacturing a patterned surface of Zn-doped calcium phosphate using glancing angle deposition (GLAD) technique. A significant change in the coating morphology was revealed with a substrate tilt angle of 80°. It was shown that an increase in the coating crystallinity for samples deposited at a tilt angle of 80° corresponds to the formation of crystallites in the bulk structure of the thin film. The variation in the coating thickness, uniformity, and influence of sputtered species energy on Si substrates was analyzed. Coatings deposited on tilted samples exhibit higher scratch resistance. The coating micro- and nano-roughness and overall morphology depended on the tilt angle and differently affected the rough Ti and smooth Si surfaces. GLAD of complex calcium phosphate material can lead to the growth of thin films with significantly changed morphological features and can be utilized to create self-organized nanostructures on various types of surfaces.
“…SEM images of the TiO 2 films annealed for 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours, respectively, are presented in Figure 4 (cross-sections and surface morphologies). There are almost no differences in discrete columnar morphologies between them [18,21]. They all keep discrete columnar structures as the Ti films deposited by GLAD.…”
Columnar nanostructured TiO2films were prepared by sputtering Ti target in pure argon with glancing angle deposition (GLAD) and subsequent annealing at 400°C for different hours in air. Compared with sputtering TiO2target directly, sputtering Ti target can be carried out under much lower base pressure, which contributes to obtaining discrete columnar nanostructures. In the present study, TiO2films obtained by annealing Ti films for different hours all kept discrete columnar structures as the Ti films deposited in GLAD regime. The longer the annealing time was, the better the phase transition accomplished from Ti to TiO2(a mixture of rutile and anatase), and the better it crystallized. In addition, those TiO2films performed photocatalytic decolorization effectively and showed a law changing over annealing time under UV light irradiation towards methyl orange, which demonstrated the potential applications for treatment of effluent.
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