Preparation and performance evaluation of a lignin-based solid acid from acid hydrolysis lignin

Liang, Fengbing; Song, Yanlei; Huang, Chongpin; Zhang, Jie; Chen, Biaohua

doi:10.1016/j.catcom.2013.06.005

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is clear that lignin derived from CMF production (LCMF O ,e ntry 1) possesses ah igher surfacea rea in comparison to other types of lignin. [8] The trends observed between the increasing LCMF pyrolysis temperature ands urface area as well as pore volume are shown in Figure 8. [5] Yang et al have also reported BET surface areas for different types of lignin before furthert reatment:p urified Kraft lignin (6.9 m 2 g À1 ), ethanol-extracted lignin (12.6 m 2 g À1 )a nd diluted alkali lignin (0.6 m 2 g À1 ).…”

Section: Solid-state Nmr Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For instance, Li and Luo optimised ap rocedure to create high-surface-area mesoporousc arbonsb yi mpregnation with sulfuric acid followed by pyrolysis at temperatures of 500 8C. [8] However, these materials only had low Similarly,H u and Hsieh demonstrated thatN aOH-activated carbon fibres can be madeb ye lectro-spinning alkali lignin followed by carbonisation at 850 8C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processed Lignin as a Byproduct of the Generation of 5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural from Biomass: A Promising New Mesoporous Material

et al. 2015

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The lignin by-product of the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF) has been characterised by thermogravimetric analysis, N2 physisorption porosimetry, attenuated internal reflectance IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The lignin (LCMF) has a moderate level of mesoporosity before thermal treatment and a surface area of 63 m(2) g(-1) , which increases dramatically on pyrolysis at temperatures above 400 °C. An assessment of the functionality and textural properties of the material was achieved by analysing LCMF treated thermally over a range of pyrolysis temperatures. Samples were sulfonated to test their potential as heterogeneous acid catalysts in the esterification of levulinic acid. It was shown that unpyrolysed catalysts gave the highest ester yields of up to 93 %. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of mesoporous lignin with an appreciable surface area that is produced directly from a bio-refinery process and with further textural modification of the material demonstrated.

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Section: Solid-state Nmr Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processed Lignin as a Byproduct of the Generation of 5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural from Biomass: A Promising New Mesoporous Material

et al. 2015

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“…This result provided that the presence of OH group in the catalyst. In addition, the FT-IR band at 1680 cm -1 shows that the carboxyl acid group presence at the structured sugar catalysts and this band is assigned to C=O stretching of COOH groups [13]. Moreover, peaks attribute to C-H and C-O-H asymmetric stretching for all sulfonated char catalysts are observed in the region of 1130-1150 cm -1 [14].…”

Section: Functional Groupsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Preparation and Characterization of Sugar Based Catalyst on Various Supports

Janaun¹,

Mey²,

Bono³

et al. 2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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A novel structured carbon-based acid catalyst was prepared by depositing the carbon precursor onto glass, ceramic and aluminum supports via dip-coating method, followed by carbonization process for converting the d-glucose layer into black carbon char in an inert nitrogen environment at 400 °C. Then, the -SO3H group was introduced into the framework of the carbon char by multiple vapor phase sulfonation. Four different carbonization methods were carried out (dry pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization with or without pressurized) in the catalyst preparation while among the carbonization methods, the samples which prepared from dry pyrolysis without pressurized process showed the strong acidity due to highest adsorption of acid group in the catalyst surface although the catalyst attached onto the support was the least compared to other preparation methods. Among the catalysts, the sulfonated carbon-base catalyst that is attached on the ceramic support exhibited the highest acidity (1.327 mmol/g) followed by the catalyst deposited on the glass (0.917 mmol/g) and aluminum (0.321 mmol/g) supports. The porous structure of ceramic surface, allowed a better interaction between reactants and -SO3H site in the carbon. Through the FT-IR analysis, it was observed that the functional groups -COOH, -OH, and -SO3H were present in the active sites of the catalysts. The surface areas of glass (Si-SC), ceramic (Ce-SC) and aluminum (Al-SC) catalysts were larger than 1 m 2 /g, whereas the pore size belongs to macroporous as the average pore size is more than 50 nm. It is also stable within the temperature of 400 °C as there was less than 10% weight loss revealed from the TGA analysis.

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“…The lignin-based solid acid also shows favorable catalytic activity on the esterification of acetic acid with ethanol and hydration of 2, 3-dimethyl-2butene. 175 Compared to conventional solid acid catalysts, e.g., strong acid cation exchange resin-Amberlyst 15 and sulfonated carbon, though the lignin-based solid acid has low concentration of SO 3 H groups, it has high catalytic activities over these two reactions. Such higher catalytic activity may be directly related to the contribution of the abundant macroporosity, which has an advantage for mass transfer, achieving good accessibility for reactants in solution to SO 3 H groups.…”

Section: Catalysis Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical conversion of lignin to functional materials: a review and future directions

2015

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Lignin valorization is considered as an important part of the modern biorefinery scheme. The unique structure and composition of lignin may offer many effective routes to produce several bulk chemicals and functional materials. Thermochemical conversion of the lignin to synthesize the value-added functional materials has recently attracted lots of attention. In this review, we have presented currently available approaches and strategies for the thermochemical conversion of the lignin to functional carbon materials. The transformation behavior and mechanism of lignin during the thermochemical process (e.g., pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization) are illuminated. The characteristics (structure and surface chemistry) of the lignin-based functional carbon materials are summarized systematically. The advances on the functionalization of lignin-based carbon materials (surface functionality tuning and porosity tailoring) and applications of the lignin-based functional carbon materials in the fields of catalysis, energy storage, and pollutant removal are reviewed. Perspectives on how lignin-based functional materials would develop and especially in which fields the use of these functionalized materials could be expanded are discussed. This review clearly shows that rational designing of the functionalized lignin-based materials will lead to a rich family of hybrid functional carbon materials with various applications toward a green and sustainable future. many persistent organic pollutants (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs), and dioxins) [24][25][26] and particulate matters (e.g., PM 2.5 and PM 10) 27, 28 may form if

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Preparation and performance evaluation of a lignin-based solid acid from acid hydrolysis lignin

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Processed Lignin as a Byproduct of the Generation of 5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural from Biomass: A Promising New Mesoporous Material

Processed Lignin as a Byproduct of the Generation of 5‐(Chloromethyl)furfural from Biomass: A Promising New Mesoporous Material

Preparation and Characterization of Sugar Based Catalyst on Various Supports

Thermochemical conversion of lignin to functional materials: a review and future directions

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