“…18,[20][21][22][23][24][25] Another approach uses titanium chloride as the Ti source, employing the sol-gel process to produce l-Ti 3 O 5 nanoparticles within a silica matrix. 20,[26][27][28] Additionally, carbon thermal reduction, [29][30][31][32] electrochemical methods, 33,34 and pulse laser deposition (PLD) 35,36 are other notable synthesis methods.…”