Preparation and Optimization of Keratin from Sheep wool using response Surface Methodology

Seghir, Bachir Ben; Amor, Ilham Ben; Beki, Ahlam; Souici, Imane; Hemmami, Hadia; Zeghoud, Soumeia; Laouini, Salah Eddine; Rebiai, Abdelkrim

doi:10.5958/0974-4150.2020.00031.0

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Te nitrogen content of the sheep hair sample was determined using the Kjeldahl method where 1 g of treated hair sample was taken in a triplicate, digested using the prepared acid mix to generate ammonium, as shown in Figure 1, which was further treated with alkaline (50% sodium hydroxide) solution to change it to ammonia, and then was distilled using steam at high temperature. Te escaped ammonia due to steam distillation was condensed and trapped using boric acid, the amount of which was determined by titration, and the average was calculated to be 15.09% based on the dry weight of the hair sample, where the same study was conducted with a similar result by [21] and is higher than the value reported by [28], 14.56% and [23], 12.2%. Here, the protein content was estimated according to the analysis of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), which is obtained by multiplying the nitrogen content by a variable factor for each protein.…”

Section: Nitrogen Contentmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Keratin present in tannery hair wastes has been utilized for several industrial applications such as leather and textile processing and agriculture input [2,5,[17][18][19], the development of keratin-based biomaterials platform [2,13], pharmaceutical and cosmetic application [17,[20][21][22]]. Another study which was conducted by using sheep wool as raw material, alkaline as a hydrolysing agent, and temperatures of 75, 85, 95, and 99 °C reported a percentage yield of 87% using 8% NaOH at 95 °C [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Keratin Hydrolysate Extraction from Tannery Sheep Hair Waste

Mengistu

Angassa

Tessema

2023

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Tannery hair wastes are becoming a challenge for tanners regarding environmental pollution control and human health. In this study, an experiment had been designed to hydrolyse sheep hair in an alkaline medium, and the operational condition for the alkaline extraction of KH has been modeled and optimized. The structure, morphology, functional groups, particle size, and molecular mass of the KH extracts were evaluated experimentally by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size analysis, and SDS-PAGE analysis, respectively. FTIR analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of carboxylic, amide, and aldehyde functional groups and alkyl side chains of amino acids. The molecular weight of the extracted keratin ranges between 3–15 kDa, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed an amorphous form of structure with two peaks at 2 theta of 9.36° and 21.16° due to α -helix and β - sheet structure in keratin. Response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with BOX-Behnken design was applied as a statistical tool to investigate the effect of extraction time, the concentration of the hydrolysing agent, and temperature on the response variable (yield of keratin protein). The concentration of the hydrolysing agent was found to be the most significant factor affecting the speed of extraction, but its gradual increase tends to affect the protein content of the extract. Optimum parameters of 0.5 N, 80°C, and 3.5 hr were obtained for the concentration of NaOH, temperature, and extraction time, respectively, with a maximum average protein yield of 91.5% and a percentage total nitrogen content of 14.6% using the Kjeldahl method and 86.57% using the biuret test method.

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Section: Nitrogen Contentmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Keratin Hydrolysate Extraction from Tannery Sheep Hair Waste

Mengistu

Angassa

Tessema

2023

International Journal of Chemical Engineering

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“…125 The structure of wool keratin consists of the alpha helix form rather than the other keratin structure of beta sheets. Various methods of breaking keratin linkages have been reported, including reduction, 126 oxidation, sulfitolysis or oxidative sulfytolisis, 127 cuprammonium, 128 and ionic liquid reagents. 129 After breaking the linkages, keratin may be kept in solution to be blended with other materials and then spun directly.…”

Section: Textile Recycling Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in recycling technologies for waste textile fabrics: a review

Baloyi,

Gbadeyan,

Sithole

et al. 2023

Textile Research Journal

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The fast fashion trends in the textile industry have resulted in high consumption of fiber with concomitant generation of waste. Awareness of environmental pollution resulting from textile production and disposal has increased significantly. This increase has pushed research activities toward more sustainable recycling alternatives to properly handle the end-of-life of textiles. This review provides an overview of existing technologies, the latest developments, and research studies on the recycling technologies employed in the textile industry. Different types of recycling—mechanical, chemical, and biochemical recycling of standard fabrics used in garments, cotton, wool, polyester, polyamide 6 6, and acrylic—are explored. Recent advances in recycling technologies such as advanced sorting techniques, innovative chemical processing, and emerging biochemical processes are revealed. The review also highlights efforts being made by various agencies and companies in facilitating and employing the technologies on a commercial scale. Various methods for efficient textile waste sorting and identification are also discussed. The reviewed studies revealed that most recycling technologies were conducted on post-industrial textile waste, which tends to be homogenous in the types of dyes and fibers present in the waste. It also suggested that post-consumer textiles could be recycled using chemical and biological options that have the potential to valorize the waste into high-value products.

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“…The breakage of the covalent linkages between the molecules makes the keratin material easily soluble, allowing purification. The initial step of keratin extraction involves the removal of a lipid layer in a pretreatment step involving repeated washing of the wool in tap water containing a detergent at 40°C with agitation or sonication to remove grass, dirt, and loosely attached lipid layers (Deb‐Choudhury et al., 2018; Seghir et al., 2020). Another reported technique is the application of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), which can also be helpful in disinfection and stain removal (Xu et al., 2003).…”

Section: Production Of Keratin From Woolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another reported technique is the application of 0.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), which can also be helpful in disinfection and stain removal (Xu et al., 2003). In addition, the wool may be washed in a 5% v/v solvent of acetone/ethanol mixture (1:1) and incubated at ambient temperature for 2 h (Seghir et al., 2020) or acetone only at 72°C for 12 h to complete the process of fat removal (Zhang et al., 2018). To reduce potentially hazardous solvents and residual chemicals in the extract, degreasing procedures using lipolytic enzymes, for example, Lipex™ 100 T (Novozymes, Denmark), have been proposed (Mokrejs et al., 2011).…”

Section: Production Of Keratin From Woolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wool keratin as a novel alternative protein: A comprehensive review of extraction, purification, nutrition, safety, and food applications

Giteru

Ramsey

Hou

et al. 2022

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

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The growing global population and lifestyle changes have increased the demand for specialized diets that require protein and other essential nutrients for humans. Recent technological advances have enabled the use of food bioresources treated as waste as additional sources of alternative proteins. Sheep wool is an inexpensive and readily available bioresource containing 95%–98% protein, making it an outstanding potential source of protein for food and biotechnological applications. The strong structure of wool and its indigestibility are the main hurdles to achieving its potential as an edible protein. Although various methods have been investigated for the hydrolysis of wool into keratin, only a few of these, such as sulfitolysis, oxidation, and enzymatic processes, have the potential to generate edible keratin. In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity studies reported no cytotoxicity effects of extracted keratin, suggesting its potential for use as a high‐value protein ingredient that supports normal body functions. Keratin has a high cysteine content that can support healthy epithelia, glutathione synthesis, antioxidant functions, and skeletal muscle functions. With the recent spike in new keratin extraction methods, extensive long‐term investigations that examine prolonged exposure of keratin generated from these techniques in animal and human subjects are required to ascertain its safety. Food applications of wool could improve the ecological footprint of sheep farming and unlock the potential of a sustainable protein source that meets demands for ethical production of animal protein.

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Preparation and Optimization of Keratin from Sheep wool using response Surface Methodology

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Optimization of Keratin Hydrolysate Extraction from Tannery Sheep Hair Waste

Optimization of Keratin Hydrolysate Extraction from Tannery Sheep Hair Waste

Recent advances in recycling technologies for waste textile fabrics: a review

Wool keratin as a novel alternative protein: A comprehensive review of extraction, purification, nutrition, safety, and food applications

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