Preparation and modification of carbon nanotubes: Review of recent advances and applications in catalysis and sensing

Tubular precipitation structures: materials synthesis under non-equilibrium conditions

“…This value-which currently is the smallest value on record-is about the same as the smallest blood capillaries in the body. It is also three orders of magnitude larger than the radius of molecular tubes, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes which have a typical diameter of close to 1 nm [47]. In the intermediate size range, we find hollow tubes produced by organic templating procedures.…”

Techniques of aligning carbon nanotubes

“…However, most applications, except for field emission cathodes and AFM tips [4,25], require horizontal (in plane of a substrate) rather than vertical CNT alignment, for numerous and self-evident reasons, such as deposition of electrical contacts, mechanical stability, etc. A brute force approach to this demand is sweeping the vertical forest with a knife edge smearing CNTs along the substrate [46].…”

“…The general recipe for CNT alignment during the synthesis is simple -densely cover the substrate with nanoparticles of a metal catalyst and grow the nanotubes by some variation of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique [1,2,4,21,22,25]. CNTs preferentially grow on the catalyst particles, normal to the substrate, and high density of the catalyst prevents CNTs from bending down (see Fig.…”

“…Electronic and optoelectronic [3], such as CNTbased field-emission devices, transistors, diodes and resistors. They can be used as components of electronic circuits, but also as individual devices such as gas sensors [4][5][6], bolometers [7], photodetectors and light-emitting devices [3]. Ropes * E-mail: iiiaaakkk@yahoo.com of aligned nanotubes have also been used in incandescent lamps and demonstrated better lifetime than conventional tungsten filaments [8].…”

Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanotubes/Metal Oxide Heterostructures: Synthesis, Characterization and Electrochemical Property

“…The property of metal oxide nanomaterials can be further tuned by varying their composition, structure and morphology [77]. Composite materials based on CNTs and metal oxide nanomaterials integrate the unique characters and functions of the two types of components and may also exhibit some new properties caused by the cooperative effects between the two kinds of materials [78][79][80][81][82]. Therefore, these composite materials have shown very attractive potential applications in many fields.…”