Preparation and microbial decomposition of synthetic [14C]ligins.

Kirk, T. Kent; Connors, W. J.; Bleam, R D; Hackett, W. F.; Zeikus, J. G.

doi:10.1073/pnas.72.7.2515

Cited by 200 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…These were similar to previous estimates of total lignin turnover in other ecosystems (10e40 y; Bahri et al, 2008;Heim and Schmidt, 2007;Rasse et al, 2006), and of slow-pool mineral-associated C in this ecosystem (11e26 y; Hall et al, 2015b). Because we measured the most labile constituent of lignin, its methoxyl group (Kirk et al, 1975), our results suggest that the more recalcitrant aromatic C of lignin could persist in soils for decades because of interactions with Fe oxides. Trends in soil respiration differed from those of lignin mineralization (Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

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Iron addition to soil specifically stabilized lignin

Hall

Silver

Timokhin

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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a b s t r a c tThe importance of lignin as a recalcitrant constituent of soil organic matter (SOM) remains contested. Associations with iron (Fe) oxides have been proposed to specifically protect lignin from decomposition, but impacts of Fe-lignin interactions on mineralization rates remain unclear. Oxygen (O 2 ) fluctuations characteristic of humid tropical soils drive reductive Fe dissolution and precipitation, facilitating multiple types of Fe-lignin interactions that could variably decompose or protect lignin. We tested impacts of Fe addition on 13 C methoxyl-labeled lignin mineralization in soils that were exposed to static or fluctuating O 2 . Iron addition suppressed lignin mineralization to 21% of controls, regardless of O 2 availability. However, Fe addition had no effect on soil CO 2 production, implying that Fe oxides specifically protected lignin methoxyls but not bulk SOM. Iron oxide-lignin interactions represent a specific mechanism for lignin stabilization, linking SOM biochemical composition to turnover via geochemistry.

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supporting

confidence: 79%

“…A macromolecular synthetic guaiacyl lignin labeled with 13 C at the methoxyl position was produced (Kirk et al, 1975) to provide a sensitive index of mineralization. Lignin was precipitated onto ground leaf litter and gently homogenized with soils (20 mg lignin and 1000 mg soil) following Hall et al (2015a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron addition to soil specifically stabilized lignin

Hall

Silver

Timokhin

et al. 2016

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…Comparison of rates of degradation of the labeled lignocelluloses with rates of degradation of unlabeled detrital lignocelluloses has confirmed that biodegradation of the labeled material accurately tracks overall biodegradation of the lignin and polysaccharide components of plant material (Hodson et al 1984). Synthetic [14C]lignin, a dehydrogenative polymerizate (DHP) of conifer-y1 alcohol, was prepared by the method of Kirk et al (1975). Preparations of synthetic lignin have been widely used to test the ligninolytic potential of natural microbial populations and pure cultures of bacteria and fungi.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pH and plant source on lignocellulose biodegradation rates in two wetland ecosystems, the Okefenokee Swamp and a Georgia salt marsh1,2,3

Benner

Moran

Hodson

1985

Limnology & Oceanography

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The microbial mineralization of synthetic [ L4C]lignin, specifically radiolabeled [ 14C-ligninl-lignocellulose and [ L4C-polysaccharide]-lignocellulose from a variety of aquatic herbaceous and woody plants was investigated in water and sediment from a salt marsh on Sapelo Island, Georgia, and from the Okefenokee Swamp, an acidic peat-forming freshwater swamp in southern Georgia. Rates of microbial degradation of lignocellulose were depressed in the Okefenokee relative to those in the salt marsh. About 50% of the difference in mineralization rates was attributable to the low ambient pH (3.9) of Okefenokee water relative to the pH of salt marsh water (pH 7.1). Rates of mineralization of the lignin component of lignocellulose were only minimally affected within the range of pH 4-8, whereas mineralization of the polysaccharide component increased severalfold with increasing pH. Differences in the biodegradability of the various lignocelluloses were also observed; lignocelluloses from herbaceous plants were mineralized several times faster than lignocellulose from wood.

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“…The final LTGA precipitate was dried, dissolved in 10 mL of 0.5 N NaOH, and the A,,, was measured. A standard curve for lignin was generated with dehydroconiferyl alcohol polymerizate synthesized from coniferyl alcohol and horseradish peroxidase by the method of Kirk et al (1975).…”

Section: Quantification Of Lignin and Soluble Phenolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Antisense Transformed Plants Deficient in the Tobacco Anionic Peroxidase

et al. 1997

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On the basis of the biological compounds that they metabolize, plant peroxidases have long been implicated in plant growth, cell wall biogenesis, lignification, and host defenses. Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants that underexpress anionic peroxidase were generated using antisense RNA. The antisense RNA was found to be specific for the anionic isoenzyme and highly effective, reducing endogenous transcript levels and total peroxidase activity by as much as 1600-fold. Antisense-transformed plants appeared normal at initial observation; however, growth studies showed that plants with reduced peroxidase activity grow taller and flower sooner than control plants. In contrast, previously transformed plants overproducing anionic peroxidase were shorter and flowered later than controls. Axillary buds were more developed in antisensetransformed plants and less developed in plants overproducing this enzyme. It was found that the lignin content in leaf, stem, and root was unchanged in antisense-transformed plants, which does not support a role for anionic peroxidase in the lignification of secondary xylem vessels. However, studies of wounded tissue show some reduction in wound-induced deposition of lignin-like polymers. The data support a possible role for tobacco anionic peroxidase in host defenses but not without a reduction in growth potential.

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Preparation and microbial decomposition of synthetic [14C]ligins.

Cited by 200 publications

References 13 publications

Iron addition to soil specifically stabilized lignin

Iron addition to soil specifically stabilized lignin

Effects of pH and plant source on lignocellulose biodegradation rates in two wetland ecosystems, the Okefenokee Swamp and a Georgia salt marsh1,2,3

Characterization of Antisense Transformed Plants Deficient in the Tobacco Anionic Peroxidase

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