Preparation and mechanical properties of crosslinked 1,2,3‐triazole‐polymers as potential propellant binders

Wang, Ling; Song, Yuming; Gyanda, Reena; Sakhuja, Rajeev; Meher, Nabin K.; Hanci, Sureyya; Gyanda, Kapil; Mathai, Sindhu; Sabri, Firouzeh; Ciaramitaro, David A.; Bedford, Clifford D.; Katritzky, Alan R.; Duran, Randolph S.

doi:10.1002/app.30753

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Crosslinker effects on the mechanical properties of conventional rubbers have been studied for many years and are well understood 7. We have recently studied the effect of crosslinker type and concentration on the mechanical properties of unfilled and filled crosslinked 1,2,3‐triazole polymers 8, 9…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our earlier studies on triazole polymers emphasised that with the use of 43 wt % aluminum filler in a crosslinked triazole polymeriation process, the polymer has good processability and better modulus as compared to unfilled triazole polymers 8. The effect of fillers loading on the mechanical properties of triazole polymers has not been studied yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of filler loading on the mechanical properties of crosslinked 1,2,3‐triazole polymers

Katritzky¹,

Sakhuja²,

Huang³

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The effect of filler loading on the mechanical properties of crosslinked triazole polymers obtained by polymerization of E300 dipropiolate (1) with diazide (2) obtained from tetraethylene glycol using tetraacetylene functionalized crosslinker (3) was studied systematically. Aluminum (10-14 lm) was used as the primary filler during the formulations; the effect of secondary fillers such as aluminum (<75 lm), NaCl (45-50 and 83-105 lm) was studied with the increase in the total filler loading. The modulus of the aluminum-filled crosslinked triazole polymers increases with the increase in the filler content while using either particle sized aluminum powder. The use of Al (particle size <75 lm) and NaCl (particle size 45-50 lm and 83-105 lm) as secondary or additional fillers while using aluminum (10-14 lm) as the main filler, has a diminishing effect on the modulus and strain of the crosslinked triazole polymers. Triazole polymers described herein have the ability to wet and adhere to large quantities of these inorganic salts and thus maintain mechanical properties of the composite comparable to typical polyurethane elastomeric matrices, regardless of the chemistry of the particulate filler, which imparts an important and necessary binder characteristic for energetic composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of filler loading on the mechanical properties of crosslinked 1,2,3‐triazole polymers

Katritzky¹,

Sakhuja²,

Huang³

et al. 2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…As reported by T. H. Hagen et al [12], we could not observe any issues such as partial precipitation, and solubility during curing of GAP with BPHQ. The mechanical properties of a composite propellant can be modified by relative ratio of curative, proportion of solid fillers and adding plasticizer in appropriate quantity [20][21][22]. The aim of choosing different ratio of GAP/BPHQ is to establish the geltime and also to achieve desired mechanical properties for various propellant applications.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isocyanate‐Free Curing of Glycidyl Azide Polymer with Bis–propargylhydroquinone

Sonawane

Anniyappan

Athar

et al. 2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Bis‐propargylhydroquinone (BPHQ) is an alkyne functionalized isocyanate‐free curing agent for hydroxyl terminated azido polymers. Conventionally, glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is cured by isocyanate based curatives, which are toxic and hygroscopic in nature. The reaction between hydroxyl end group of GAP and isocyanate is highly sensitive to moisture causing voids in the propellant, leading to poor mechanical properties. Herein, an alternate approach was adapted to exploit 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azido group of GAP and the triple bond (–C≡CH) of BPHQ without catalyst at 50 °C forming triazole crosslinked polymer. The curing behavior of GAP‐BPHQ system was studied by rheological method and based on the results the gel time was determined. In addition, the reaction between GAP and BPHQ was carried out with various GAP/BPHQ ratios (0.9 to 2.5) and effects on mechanical properties of resulting triazole polymers were investigated. Post curing hardness of GAP‐BPHQ binder system was tested by surface Shore‐A hardness measurement. The compatibility of BPHQ with energetic oxidizers such as ammonium dinitramide (ADN) and hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) were also studied by differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) technique and showed good compatibility. The activation energy (Ea) of cured GAP‐BPHQ binder was evaluated by DSC using Ozawa and Kissinger methods and are found to be 33.55 and 33.16 kcal mol–1, respectively. The advantage of this curing system between GAP and BPHQ is unaffected by moisture as compared to isocyanate based urethane systems and also no need to control humidity during the processing of propellant. The experimental results reveal that triazole crosslinked polymer system could be a better choice to develop novel energetic binder systems for explosives as well as propellants composition with improved performance and eco‐friendly nature.

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“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The classical (thermal) 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition can be performed between azides and terminal alkynes as well as internal triple bonds. Generally, the reactivity of alkynes for the click reaction is rather low due to its high electron density at the alkyne functionality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Free Cycloaddition of Internal Alkynes and Multifunctional Azides Under Solvent‐Free Conditions

Sandmann

Happ

Vitz

et al. 2014

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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The synthesis of three different electron-defi cient internal alkynes for the metal-free 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition is shown. The alkynes are polymerized with several multifunctional azides and the reaction enthalpy (Δ H ) is investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties of the resulting polymers are analyzed using nanoindentation. The polymerization results in hard materials with an E -modulus of maximum 2.5 GPa, which make them interesting in particular for biomedical applications.

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Preparation and mechanical properties of crosslinked 1,2,3‐triazole‐polymers as potential propellant binders

Cited by 16 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of filler loading on the mechanical properties of crosslinked 1,2,3‐triazole polymers

Effect of filler loading on the mechanical properties of crosslinked 1,2,3‐triazole polymers

Isocyanate‐Free Curing of Glycidyl Azide Polymer with Bis–propargylhydroquinone

Metal‐Free Cycloaddition of Internal Alkynes and Multifunctional Azides Under Solvent‐Free Conditions

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