Preparation and Investigation of Silver Nanoparticle–Antibody Bioconjugates for Electrochemical Immunoassay of Tick-Borne Encephalitis

Abstract

A new simple electrochemical immunosensor approach for the determination of antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in immunological products was developed and tested. The assay is performed by detecting the silver reduction signal in the bioconjugates with antibodies (Ab@AgNP). Here, signal is read by cathodic linear sweep voltammetry (CLSV) through the detection of silver chloride reduction on a gold–carbon composite electrode (GCCE). Covalent immobilization of the antigen on the electrode surface was performed after thiolation and glutarization of the GCCE. Specific attention has been paid to the selection of conditions for stabilizing both the silver nanoparticles and their Ab@AgNP. A simple flocculation test with NaCl was used to select the concentration of antibodies, and the additional stabilizer bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used for Ab@AgNP preparation. The antibodies to TBEV were quantified in the range from 50 IU·mL−1 to 1600 IU·mL−1, with a detection limit of 50 IU·mL−1. The coefficient of determination (r2) is 0.989. The electrochemical immunosensor was successfully applied to check the quality of immunological products containing IgG antibodies to TBEV. The present work paves the path for a novel method for monitoring TBEV in biological fluids.

Microbe‐Mediated Extracellular and Intracellular Mineralization: Environmental, Industrial, and Biotechnological Applications

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Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedical Sensors

“…Among all the GQD-based electrochemical sensors working on different kinds of receptors (i.e., antibody sensors, MIP-sensors, DNA sensors, aptasensors and enzyme-based sensors), an antibody-sensing system has been widely studied [79]. It is often known as an immunosensor, because its function is solely influenced by the immunoreaction [247,248]. Such sensing platforms involve antibodies exhibiting excellent affinity for their corresponding target biomolecules [11,79,249].…”

Nanobioconjugates for Signal Amplification in Electrochemical Biosensing

“…The anti-TBEV was added to the electrode surface for the specific binding with the antigen, followed by the AgNPs@anti-TBEV nanobioconjugates to complete the biosensor platform. At optimal conditions, different antibodies concentrations were tested by cathodic linear sweep voltammetry (CLSV) by following the silver chloride reduction, which response was linear in the range from 50 to 1600 IU/mL, with a LOD of 50 IU/mL [ 34 ].…”