Preparation and formation mechanism of fast-growing ZrO2 nanotubes and slow-growing TiO2 nanotubes

Wang, Ancheng; Li, Chengyuan; Jiang, Luxia; Chen, Binye; Zhang, Shaoyu; Xu, Xiangyue; Zhu, Xufei

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.06.069

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The oxide grows similar to a digging process, from the top down, to form pore channels. Lately, there have been reports that bring evidence against this model [33][34][35] and propose that a layer of metastable titanium-oxyfluorides at the oxide/metal interface that flows up, forming the neighboring pore wall upon pore growth, is the key for the formation of titania nanotubes [36]. A new explanation of oxide development is also based on the observation that nanotubular morphologies can be synthesized even in the absence of fluoride ions, which are critical for the etching phase, suggesting that the oxide-growing mechanism model relies on electronic current theory and the oxygen bubble mold effect, where the oxide layer grows from the bottom up around the oxygen bubbles [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Oxide Layers on Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta and Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe Biomedical Alloys

Strnad

Jakab-Farkas

Gobber

et al. 2023

JFB

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Nanoporous/nanotubular complex oxide layers were developed on high-fraction β phase quaternary Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta and Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe promising biomedical alloys with a low elasticity modulus. Surface modification was achieved by electrochemical anodization aimed at the synthesis of the morphology of the nanostructures, which exhibited inner diameters of 15–100 nm. SEM, EDS, XRD, and current evolution analyses were performed for the characterization of the oxide layers. By optimizing the process parameters of electrochemical anodization, complex oxide layers with pore/tube openings of 18–92 nm on Ti-10Nb-10Zr-5Ta, 19–89 nm on Ti-20Nb-20Zr-4Ta, and 17–72 nm on Ti-29.3Nb-13.6Zr-1.9Fe alloys were synthesized using 1 M H3PO4 + 0.5 wt% HF aqueous electrolytes and 0.5 wt% NH4F + 2 wt% H20 + ethylene glycol organic electrolytes.

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