Preparation and Evaluation of Novel Transfersomes Combined with the Natural Antioxidant Resveratrol

Abstract

Resveratrol (tran-3,5,4′-trihydroxystibene, RSV) is a kind of polyphenol which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-allergy, and anti-cancer properties, as well as being a scavenger of free radicals and preventing cardiovascular diseases. However, it is quite unstable in light, heat, and other conditions, and decays easily due to environmental factors. For these reasons, this study used a new type of carrier, transfersome, to encapsulate RSV. Transfersome consists of phosphatidyl choline (PC) from a liposomal system and non-ionic edge activators (EA). EA are an important ingredient in the formulation of transfersome; they can enhance the flexibility of the lipid bimolecular membrane of transfersome. Due to its ultradeformability, it also allows drugs to penetrate the skin, even through the stratum corneum. We hope that this new encapsulation technique will improve the stability and enhance the permeability of RSV. Concluding all the tested parameters, the best production condition was 5% PC/EA (3:1) and 5% ethanol in distilled water, with an ultrasonic bath and stirring at 500 rpm, followed by high pressure homogenization. The optimal particle size was 40.13 ± 0.51 nm and the entrapment efficiency (EE) was 59.93 ± 0.99%. The results of antioxidant activity analysis showed that transfersomes were comparable to the RSV group (unencapsulated). During in vitro transdermal delivery analysis, after 6 h, D1-20(W) increased 27.59% by accumulation. Cell viability assay showed that the cytotoxicity of D3-80(W) was reduced by 34.45% compared with the same concentration of RSV. Therefore, we successfully prepared RSV transfersomes and also improved the stability, solubility, and safety of RSV.

Transfersomes: A Promising Nanoencapsulation Technique for Transdermal Drug Delivery

“…The resulting mixture is then homogenized using a high-pressure homogenizer. Finally, the transfersomes are stored in appropriate conditions [ 7 , 79 ].…”

“…In 2019, Wu et al prepared transfersomes combined with resveratrol using the high-pressure homogenization technique. It was found that the obtained transfersomes could improve the stability, bioavailability, solubility and safety of resveratrol [ 79 ].…”

Evaluation of Ethosomal Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Gel Formulations as an Antioxidant and Thermogenic Agent

“…Therefore, both T10 and T12 formulations were selected as the optimized green tea extract ethosomal formulations, that showed higher EE %, lower polydispersity index, as well as optimum release, consequently increasing penetrability and bioavailability [43].…”

Development and In Vivo Evaluation of Multidrug Ultradeformable Vesicles for the Treatment of Skin Inflammation

“…In recent years several anti-inflammatory drugs such as baicalin [15], methotrexate [16], naringenin [17], resveratrol [18,19], and naproxen sodium [20] have been encapsulated in ultradeformable liposomes in order to reduce skin inflammation. The current study was focused on the co-encapsulation of two active compounds, naproxen sodium and idebenone, within ultradeformable liposomes, made up of two different edge activators, i.e., Tween ® 80 (T80), a hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant, and sodium deoxycholate (SDC), a steroid-like anionic surfactant (Formulations 1 and 2, respectively) in order to obtain a synergistic action and thus to potentiate the anti-inflammatory effect.…”