Preparation and evaluation of curcumin nanoemulsion to inhibit TC-1 cell growth

Abstract

Curcumin (Cur), a substance originating from Curcuma longa, has been comprehensively examined for its anticancer properties. Nonetheless, its clinical application has been restricted by its inadequate solubility, bioavailability, and stability. TC-1 cells have been impressive in understanding HPV biology and developing therapeutic approaches for HPV infection and related cancers, like cervical cancer, offering a close mimicry of HPV-induced carcinogenesis. This study's primary goal is to formulate and optimize curcumin nanoemulsions (Cur-NE) to address these challenges and, secondarily, evaluate their impact on TC-1 cell growth. Characterization of the nanoemulsions was conducted using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealing an average particle size of 52.5 nm, a zeta potential of -13.1 mV, and a drug content of 94.6%. Through the dialysis diffusion technique, drug release profiles demonstrated a sustained, slower release of Cur from Cur-NE compared to free curcumin. According to an MTT assay, Cur-Ne with an IC50 35 µg/ml exhibited an increased inhibitory effect of Cur on TC-1 cancer cells, while showing no inhibitory effects on MC3T3 normal cells at concentrations up to 100 µg/ml. In summary, this study underscores the potential of nanoemulsions as efficient carriers for Cur, with demonstrated safety in both cancer and normal cells. Moreover, Cur-NE displayed substantial inhibitory activity against TC-1 cancer cells, suggesting its promise in treating HPV-associated cancers, particularly cervical cancer. Further research is warranted to evaluate the long-term safety of this nanoemulsion for clinical trials and its efficacy against other cancer cell lines.