Preparation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Hyperbranched Emulsifiers for Waterborne Coatings

Abstract

Nosocomial infections are a major problem in medical health care. To solve this problem, a series of antimicrobial waterborne paints were prepared by using antimicrobial hyperbranched (HB) emulsifiers. The HB-emulsifiers were prepared by polymerizing AB2 monomers obtained in a one-step reaction of bis(hexamethylene)triamine and carbonyl biscaprolactam. The blocked isocyanate end groups (B groups) of the HB-polymer were utilized to introduce tertiary amino groups through the reaction with compounds comprising either a hydroxyl or a primary amino group and a tertiary amino group. Quaternization of the tertiary amines with 6 different alkyl bromides resulted in 12 amphiphilic cationic species. The 12 emulsifiers showed the successful inhibition and killing of 8 bacterial and 2 fungal strains. The killing efficacy increased with increasing alkyl chain length. The octyl-functionalized compound was chosen for suspension polymerizations because of the good compromise between killing and emulsifying properties. With this emulsifier, aqueous poly(methacrylate) suspensions were prepared, which were stable and had excellent killing properties.

Recent advances on synthesis and biomaterials applications of hyperbranched polymers

“…For this purpose, several examples have been reported of using antimicrobial‐functioning hyperbranched polymers for surface modification to impart antimicrobial activity on fixtures and devices. In one recent study, step‐growth polymerization of triamine with carbonyl biscaprolactam was used to produce hyperbranched polyamides that were further modified with quaternary ammonium cations (Zhao et al, 2019). The polymer materials were explored to act as a simultaneous biocide and emulsifier for paint coatings, identifying the polymers can form an effective emulsifier, which did not disrupt the coating properties, with anti‐microbial activity in gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria, as well as fungi.…”

Influence of the melting point on the deblocking reaction of methyl ethyl ketoxime‐blocked aromatic polyisocyanates

“…Many factors including the structures of the isocyanate, 12–14 blocking agent, 15–17 catalyst, 17–19 and solvent 20,21 influence the deblocking reaction of blocked polyisocyanates. In particular, the ability of the blocking agent to diffuse out of the polymeric film has a significant influence on the deblocking reaction, and reaction rates are strongly dependent on the volatilization of the blocking agent.…”

“…[4][5][6] Blocked polyisocyanates can be used in a wide variety of single component (1 K) and powder coatings to simplify coating fabrication and reduce waste. [7][8][9][10][11] Many factors including the structures of the isocyanate, [12][13][14] blocking agent, [15][16][17] catalyst, [17][18][19] and solvent 20,21 influence the deblocking reaction of blocked polyisocyanates. In particular, the ability of the blocking agent to diffuse out of the polymeric film has a significant influence on the deblocking reaction, and reaction rates are strongly dependent on the volatilization of the blocking agent.…”

Hyperbranched Polyesters Based on Indole- and Lignin-Derived Monomeric Aromatic Aldehydes as Effective Nonionic Antimicrobial Coatings with Excellent Biocompatibility

“…Contact killing is commonly achieved by using cationic agents (e.g., quaternary ammoniums, chitosan, peptides, cationic polymers, and so forth). 5 , 14 , 52 − 59 However, nonionic AMPs with contact-killing capabilities were rarely investigated toward coating applications. To our knowledge, only a few nonionic polyphenolics have been reported so far.…”