Preparation and electrochemical performance of modified Ti₃C₂T_x/polypyrrole composites

Abstract

MXenes with a large surface area have been widely studied to improve the pseudocapacitance of electrode materials by combining conductive polymer materials. In this article, a superficial strategy to enhance the electrochemical properties by in situ polymerization of a pyrrole monomer between the Ti3C2Tx layers modified with 1,5‐naphthalene disulfonic acid (NA) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was investigated. It is found that polypyrrole (PPy) and Ti3C2Tx can be combined through strong interactions between each other, and the specific capacitance of the modified Ti3C2Tx/PPy composite was increased to a maximum value of 437 F g−1, which was more than thrice higher than that of pure PPy. The composite also exhibited good cycling performance (76% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles). Moreover, owing to the synergistic effect between the PPy and Ti3C2Tx layers, the composite provided better electron or ion transfer and surface redox processes than that of pure PPy, which indicated that this composite can be used as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47003.

Composite Fe3O4-MXene-Carbon Nanotube Electrodes for Supercapacitors Prepared Using the New Colloidal Method

“…The C S of such electrodes was below 1 F∙cm −2 . Capacitive properties of Ti 3 C 2 T x composites were tested in various electrolytes, such as HCl [ 29 ], H 2 SO 4 [ 27 , 30 , 31 ], KOH [ 12 , 32 ], KCl [ 33 ], K 2 SO 4 [ 34 ], Na 2 SO 4 [ 34 ], Li 2 SO 4 [ 34 ], and other electrolytes [ 35 , 36 ]. Ti 3 C 2 T x -based electrodes were utilized for the fabrication of symmetric SCs, containing two similar Ti 3 C 2 T x -based electrodes, with maximum operation voltages in the range of 0.4–1.2 V [ 9 , 31 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Applications of MXene-Containing Polypyrrole Nanocomposites in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

“…MXenes are synthesized from precursor MAX phased materials using the chemical exfoliation method. 10 , 47 , 48 Figure 3 displays the list of MXenes realized experimentally and theoretically up until this publication. 10 , 48 To perform the synthesis, MAX phased materials are selectively etched with a suitable etchant such as hydrogen fluoride (HF), fluoride salts (e.g., potassium fluoride (KF), sodium fluoride (NaF), and lithium fluoride (LiF)) (see Figure 4 (a)), ammonium hydrogen bifluoride (NH 4 HF 2 ), ammonium fluoride (NH 4 F), and molten zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) salt.…”

“…PPy/MXene nanocomposites can be synthesized through chemical 41 , 47 , 56 and electrochemical 57 polymerization at a controlled temperature. These methods are commonly used in the fabrication of a polymer nanocomposite due to the homogeneous dispersion of nanosheets in the polymer matrix.…”

“…Meanwhile, PPy exhibits a densely packed structure during electrochemical polymerization and can self-assemble into solid and uniform nanospheres with about 70–80 nm in diameter ( Figure 5 (h)). 34 , 47 In this state, the PPy nanospheres tend to agglomerate around or intertwine on the surface of the MXene layers due to several interactions, including π–π conjugate, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic attraction ( Figure 5 (i)). 63 , 65 However, serious agglomeration is often prevented by the interlayered stacking of MXene.…”

“…(d) and (f) Reprinted with permission from ref ( 43 ). Copyright 2015, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (h) and (i) Reprinted with permission from ref ( 47 ). Copyright 2018, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.…”