“…Compared to dried solid polymer electrolytes [6,7], gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) [8e10], formed by immersing large amount of liquid organic electrolytes into polymer frameworks, have received increasing attention in the flexible LIBs due to their high ionic conductivities on the order of 10 À3 S cm À1 at ambient temperature. Various polymer matrices, such as polyethylene oxide (PEO) [11,12], polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [13,14], polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) [15e17], poly(vinylidene fluoridehexafluoro propylene) (PVDF-HFP) [18,19], polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) [20,21], polyimide (PI) [22,23], poly(urethane) (PU) [24,25] and etc., have been widely developed as candidate materials for the preparation of polymer electrolytes. Especially, PAN have been developed and attracted as the main component for applications not only in electric double layer capacitors [26,27], but also in LIBs [28,29].…”