Preparation and electrochemical characteristics of spherical spinel cathode powders via an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process

Application of quaternized activated carbon derived from Macadamia nutshells for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solutions

“…Solvent evaporation took place within the heating reactor and produced the final oxide particles with a residence time of about 9.4 sec. [55][56][57][58][59] The boron-doped, LiB x Mn 2-x O 4 , phases were studied at different concentration ranges where x = 0.1-0.4. When X-ray diffraction was done, pure crystalline spherical morphology was observed, whereby these spherical morphologies decreased as the boron concentration increased.…”

“…The spray pyrolysis process was followed for this material at four hour time intervals which showed an improvement in the electrochemical performance at high rates, whereby the crystallinity was well controlled. 56 Taniguchi et al 60 studied LiMn 2 O 4 with its substituted form LiM 1/6 Mn 11/6 O 4 (M = Co, Al and Ni) synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis. The ultrasonic spray pyrolysis synthesis method involved making an aqueous nitrate solution (0.45 mol dm -3 in concentration).…”

Progress in Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis for Condensed Matter Sciences Developed From Ultrasonic Nebulization Theories Since Michael Faraday

“…Since the nature of products from USP depends in part on the control of the furnace temperature, Taniguchi and co-workers [137,142,164,179,182,187,250,263,303,310,327,387] have made an elaborate setup with a furnace having several heating zones. A typical example of such multi-zone furnaces was well illustrated by Taniguchi's group [137].…”

A review of using spray pyrolysis through sol-gel materials in the synthesis of cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

“…Their structural analysis showed spherical single spinel-phase particles that ranged in crystallite sizes (summarized in Table 6). 56 This structural behaviour (crystallinity increase) resulted in an increase in the first discharge capacity (refer to Table 6) with a decrease in irreversible capacity loss over the first cycles (below 10 %).…”

“…These doping elements included B, Co, Fe, Cu, Al and Cr to mention only a few. [55][56][57][58][59] The doped LiM x Mn 2-x O 4 material was made by using an aqueous solution that contained nitric salts of the respective dopants with an approximately 0.9 M total metal-ion concentration with tartaric acid for a pH control between 1 and 1.7. 55,59 The prepared precursor solution was atomized by an ultrasonic nebulizer (frequency ranging from 1.3 to 1.75 MHz).…”