Preparation and electrochemical activities of iridium-decorated graphene as the electrode for all-vanadium redox flow batteries

Numerical investigation and thermodynamic analysis of the effect of electrolyte flow rate on performance of all vanadium redox flow batteries

“…Consequently, research regarding VRFBs has escalated for widespread commercialization, specifically since the last decade. A large share of these studies is experimental research related to the improvement of electrochemical kinetics in the positive electrode [3,4], modifying membranes [5,6], and adding additives to electrolytes to improve theirs solubility [7,8]. Apart from these experimental researches, the role of simulation and modeling can be useful as a means of down-selecting laboratory experimentations.…”

Influence of antimony ions in negative electrolyte on the electrochemical performance of vanadium redox flow batteries

“…The electrochemical activity of vanadium redox couples can be facilitated by the deposition of metal or metal oxides as catalysts, mainly through the improvement of electrical conductivity. Numerous ions and compound have been used in modification, such as Pt 4+ , Pd 2+ , Au 4+ , Pb 2+ , In 3+ , Ir 3+ , TiO 2 , Mn 3 O 4 and Nb 2 O 5 [29][30][31][32]. While the noble metal catalysts, such as Pt, Pd, Au and Ir, are not practical due to their high cost, poor mechanical stability and susceptibility to hydrogen evolution.…”

Tunable Oxygen Functional Groups as Electrocatalysts on Graphite Felt Surfaces for All‐Vanadium Flow Batteries

“…Ad ecrease in such resistances can be realized by introducing electrocatalysts on the electrode surfaces to accelerate the redox reactions of the active species. [11,[15][16][17][18][19] Additionally,s ome low-costa nd chemically stable metal oxides, such as Mn 3 O 4 , PbO 2 ,N b 2 O 5 ,C eO 2 and WO 3 have also proven to be effective in facilitating vanadiumr edox reactions, but the particles ize, amount and distribution of suchc atalysts on the carbon electrode all seem to be critical to the electrode performance, most likely owing to their poor electronicc onductivity. To overcomet hese challenges, various researchers have recently utilized functionalization and/or loading of electrocatalysts onto the surface of the carbon electrodes.…”

“…[13,14] In this regard, some researchers have made efforts to searchf or low-cost candidates such as bismuth metal to replacee xpensive precious metal catalysts (Pt, Au, Ir,P d, Ru). [11,[15][16][17][18][19] Additionally,s ome low-costa nd chemically stable metal oxides, such as Mn 3 O 4 , PbO 2 ,N b 2 O 5 ,C eO 2 and WO 3 have also proven to be effective in facilitating vanadiumr edox reactions, but the particles ize, amount and distribution of suchc atalysts on the carbon electrode all seem to be critical to the electrode performance, most likely owing to their poor electronicc onductivity. [12,[20][21][22][23] Moreover,the catalystparticles are easily peeled off the carbon surfaces over time, hindering the long-term cyclic performance of the cell.T herefore, recent investigationso ni nsitu nitrogen doping or attaching oxygen functional groups are becoming more attractive.…”