Preparation and cytocompatibility evaluation for hydrosoluble phosphorous acid-derivatized cellulose as tissue engineering scaffold material

Abstract

Chemical modification of cellulose by phosphorylation enhances its bioactivity and provides new derivatives and materials with specific end uses. In the present study, cellulose derivatized with phosphorous acid was obtained using the reaction of microcrystalline cellulose with phosphorous acid-urea mixture, in molten state, in comparison with others methods that used different solvents and catalysts. Completely water soluble films with a substitution degree close to one were obtained and characterized by analytical and spectral analysis (FT-IR, (31)P NMR), contact angle, metallographic microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). 31P NMR spectra of derivatized cellulose showed a signal at 2.58 ppm (assigned to P-O-C6) while the doublets at 4.99-5.29 and at 7.38 ppm were assigned to P-O-C2 and P-O-C3, respectively; thus, the formation of monosubstituted phosphorous acid esters of cellulose is advocated. Contact angle measurements showed that the work of adhesion is more important in water than in ethylene glycol, for the phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose. The cytocompatibility of this hydrosoluble derivatized cellulose was tested by direct contact and also by indirect assays on normal human dermal fibroblasts and on osteoblast-like cells (human osteosarcoma). Cell growth on phosphorylated cellulose pellicle and the results from viability assays had shown a good cytocompatibility and lack of toxicity. Phosphorous acid derivatized cellulose would offer a promising biomaterial, useful as scaffolds for new biopolymer composites, and subject for further development as an ionic crosslinker.

Phosphorylation of bio-based compounds: the state of the art

“…The incorporated H-phosphonate groups are very reactive and can be further functionalized (Scheme 7). 81,100,101 83 Gospodinova et al 85 have described a rapid solvent-free microwave phosphorylation of cellulose with urea and phosphorus acid. For this rapid procedure no swelling in an appropriate solvent is required.…”

“…In addition, the film is nontoxic and promote cells proliferation. 83 Phosphorylated chitin, chitosan or cotton fibres were used as substrates for growing calcium phosphates. 59 59 Regenerated cellulose surfaces were also phosphorylated by the mixture H 3 PO 4 -P 2 O 5 in alcohols -Et 3 PO 4 .…”

Characterisation and properties of homo- and heterogenously phosphorylated nanocellulose

“…The importance of the phosphoryl groups in many chemical and biochemical methods has been developed (Božič et al, 2014;Granja et al, 2001aGranja et al, , 2001bMucalo et al, 2009;Petreus et al, 2014), Fig. 9.…”

“…The creating of negatively charged phosphoric groups (such as cellulose phosphate or cellulose phosphite) on cellulose is a well-known strategy when producing materials applicable in orthopaedics (Petreus et al, 2014), biomedical (Granja et al, 2001a(Granja et al, , 2001bLi, Wang, Liu, Xiong, & Liu, 2012;Mucalo, Kato, & Yokogawa, 2009), textile (Aoki & Nishio, 2010;Tzanov, Stamenova, & Cavaco-Paulo, 2002), plastics (as flame-retardants' fillers) (Gérard, Fontaine, & Bourbigot, 2010), fuel cell (Ma & Sahai, 2013) bio-chemical separation (as cation exchangers) (Suflet, Chitanu, & Popa, 2006), and other applications (such as protein adsorbents) (Oshima, Taguchi, Ohe, & Baba, 2011).…”

Implementation of Holographic Research in Periodontal Disease

“…The various aspects related to the interface phenomenon appear to be very interesting not just for dentistry [8][9][10][11][12][36][37][38][39], but also for many clinical specializations like orthopedics [13][14][15][16][17][18], neurosurgery [19][20][21], cardiovascular surgery [22][23][24], abdominal surgery [25][26][27][28], gynecology [29][30][31], and other surgical specializations [32][33][34][35].…”