Preparation and crystallization behavior of syndiotactic polystyrene–clay nanocomposites

Tseng, Chen-Rui; Wu, Jeng-Yue; Lee, Hsin‐Yi; Chang, Feng‐Chih

doi:10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00568-7

Cited by 123 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the past decades, the inorganic minerals, such as montmorillonite and hectrite, had been widely used as reinforcement materials for polymers due to their nanoscale size and intercalation/exfoliation properties [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: preparation and characterizations

Liao

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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In this study, the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PHB/MWNTs) nanocomposite was prepared by means of a melt blending method. To improve the compatibility/dispersability of MWNTs within the PHB matrix, the acrylic acid grafted poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB-g-AA) and the multihydroxyl functionalized MWNTs (MWNTs-OH) were used as alternatives. Based on the results of TEM micrographs, FTIR spectra, 13 C solid-state NMR spectra, XRD patterns, and thermal and mechanical characterizations, the PHB-g-AA/MWNTs-OH blend demonstrated dramatic enhancement in thermal and mechanical properties of PHB due to the formation of ester carbonyl groups through the reaction between carboxylic acid groups of PHB-g-AA and hydroxyl groups of MWNTs-OH. For example, with an addition of 1 wt.% MWNTs-OH, the increases in the initial decomposition temperature and the tensile strength at break were 75°C and 15.1 MPa, respectively. Finally, the optimal amount of MWNTs-OH was 1 wt.% because excess MWNTs-OH caused separation of the organic and inorganic phases and reduced their compatibility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: preparation and characterizations

Liao

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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“…To bypass problems 1 and 2, PS-based PNC were prepared starting with organoclay pre-intercalated with a vinyl-terminated reactive compound, viz. vinyl benzyl di-methyl dodecyl ammonium chloride (7,8), vinyl triethoxy silane (used with cetyl pyridium chloride) (7), or vinyl benzyl di-methyl ethanol ammonium chloride (9). A high degree of exfoliation was obtained, the dispersion of the end tethered clay platelets was stable, but the reaction still required 15 h.…”

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confidence: 99%

Melt compounding of different grades of polystyrene with organoclay. Part 1: Compounding and characterization

Tanoue

Utracki

García‐Rejón

et al. 2004

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Nanocomposites of polystyrene (PS) with up to 20 wt% organoclay were prepared by melt compounding in a co‐rotating, intermeshing twin‐screw extruder. Three grades of PS with different molecular weights were used. In this paper we discuss preparation and characterization of the mixtures. Residence time and its distribution were measured by ultrasonics (US). They were found to be independent of the PS grade, but the US attenuation and sound velocity varied with the organoclay loading. According to the XRD diffraction data, the organoclay was dispersed into two types of platelet stacks evidenced by the diffraction peaks at about 2θ = 2.1 and 5.5°, i.e., with the interlayer spacings of d001 = 4.20 and 1.6 nm, respectively. Since neat organoclay has d001 = 1.93 nm, the first peak indicates intercalation by PS and the other a collapse of the interlamellar gallery during compounding. The XRD spectra depended on the organoclay content, but not on PS grade. According to TEM analysis, the degree of intercalation of organoclay in the polymer matrix is highest for the low‐molecular‐weight polystyrene. TEM results also confirm the collapse of interlamellar spacing in parts of the samples. FT‐IR spectroscopy showed that there was some thermal degradation of the onium compound present in the nanoclay. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1046–1060, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.

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“…[1,2,4] With organophilic layered silicate, three different ways to synthesize polymer-clay nanocomposites are possible: melt intercalation, solution blending and in situ intercalative polymerization. [5][6][7][8][9] The main disadvantage of the above mentioned pathways is that the nanocomposites are obtained in multi-stage processes involving clay modification, followed by drying, and milling the organoclay that can be finally introduced and dispersed in the polymer bulk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-pot synthesis of PMMA/montmorillonite nanocomposites

et al. 2006

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This article describes simple preparation methods of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/synthetic montmorillonite nanocomposites by single-step in situ polymerizations. Compatibility between PMMA and the silicate was ensured by an addition of (3-acrylamidepropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (AAPTMA). The work also compares how different synthetic routes, namely emulsion and solution polymerization, affect the structure as well as thermal and mechanical properties of obtained nanocomposites. The results of structural investigations clearly show, that both the techniques lead to intercalated nanocomposites, but emulsion polymerization allows more effective deflocculating and intercalating of the clay with acrylic copolymers. The addition of small amounts of layered silicates causes an increase in thermal stability and stiffness of the materials. It is demonstrated that at 5 wt. % of the filler, the temperature of 10 % weight loss was shifted up by nearly 50 K in comparison to the neat PMMA. In the same sample, the Young's modulus of the material was found to be increased by 26 %.

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Preparation and crystallization behavior of syndiotactic polystyrene–clay nanocomposites

Cited by 123 publications

References 19 publications

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: preparation and characterizations

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites: preparation and characterizations

Melt compounding of different grades of polystyrene with organoclay. Part 1: Compounding and characterization

One-pot synthesis of PMMA/montmorillonite nanocomposites

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