Preparation and chemical fixation of poly(4-vinylpyridine) microgel film with ordered structure

H., G.; Fukutomi, Takashi

doi:10.1021/ma00033a005

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Such membranes contain a set of anion-and cation-exchange elements arranged in parallel, each elements providing a continuous pathway from one bathing solution to the other [8,97]. To prepare such mosaic membranes, various methods have been employed: (1) distributing particulate cation-and anionexchange resins in an inert polymer film so as to have each resin particle penetrate both membrane surfaces; (2) cutting a laminated block of alternating cation-and anion-exchange membranes into films perpendicular to the membrane surface; (3) forming a film using two different copolymers (copolymers of styrene-butadiene and vinylpyridine-butadiene) and introducing anion-and cation-exchange groups into respective copolymer domains together with a cross-linking reaction [110]; (4) forming a film by a casting method using a block copolymer composed of a part in which cation-exchange groups can be introduced and a part for insulation, and then introducing the respective ion exchange groups into the domain; and (5) forming a film by the casting method using a dispersion that contains cationic microsphere gel, anionic microsphere gel, and matrix polymer and introducing a charge group into the gels if necessary [111].…”

Section: Mosaic Ion Exchange Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Exchange Membranes: Preparation, Properties, and Applications

Kittur

Kulkarni²

2012

Ion Exchange Technology I

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Membrane science is a relatively new area of applied chemistry and chemical engineering and plays a vital role in the field of alternative energy and separation applications. The field of membrane science is therefore an emerging area with enormous industrial and public health significance. Today, various kinds of separation membranes have been studied and utilized industrially in different processes including reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, electrodialysis, and pervaporation. Technical feasibility of all these processes largely depends on membrane and its properties. Among the separation membranes, ion exchange membranes are one of the advanced separation membranes. Therefore, this chapter addresses on different types of ion exchange membranes with reference to their preparation, properties, as well as their industrial applications. Although ion exchange membranes are broadly classified into homogeneous and heterogeneous membranes, this chapter also covers other types of ion exchange membranes such as amphoteric, mosaic, bipolar, interpolymer, and graft and block copolymer membranes. At the end, prospectives and conclusions on the ion exchange membranes have also been highlighted. The relevant literature was collected from different sources including Google sites, books, reviews, and research articles.

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Section: Mosaic Ion Exchange Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion Exchange Membranes: Preparation, Properties, and Applications

Kittur

Kulkarni²

2012

Ion Exchange Technology I

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“…27, No. 4,1995 So degree of arrangement can be evaluated quantitatively by standard deviation of ICA around particular angle.…”

Section: Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Wide Range Ordered Arrangement in Microsphere Systems

Tokushige

Fukutomi

1995

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:The origin of very wide range ordered arrangement composed of microspheres (or microgels) with narrow size distribution observed in solid state was investigated. To explain the mechanism of the formation, computer simulations by molecular dynamic method were adopted. When regularly arranged structure existed in random phase, ordered arrangement was grow up rapidly on the surfaces of the ordered structure. Newly created structure was the same to the former.KEY WORDS Microgel / Microsphere / Arrangement Interface/ Computer Simulation / Molecular Dynamics Interparticle Contact Angle / Microsphere (microgel), or spherical polymer particle with diameter several tens of nm to several µm, and with narrow size distribution form ordered arrangement in liquid state, 1 -3 or also in solid state. 4 -6 Especially in solid state, ordered phase spreads to very large area (under appropriate conditions, it reaches 90% 3 ), and only very few defects can be detected in solid state. 3 The origin of this ordering is unclear. The mechanism of this ordering during cast has been explained as following. First microspheres form clusters with ordered structure in solution. Then as the solvent is removed, the clusters are gathered with their structure maintained. However the lack of the defects is not explained satisfactorily.In this study, to make clear the origin of wide range ordered structure, computer simulation was carried out. For the simulation, effect of interface between ordered phase and random phase is considered. SIMULATIONSimulation was carried out by molecular dynamics method with EPSON PC-386S per-414 sonal computer. The method of simulation is essentially the same one that applied in liquid state. We have supposed that the structure of the arrangement is maintained through the drying because the motion of particles is greatly restricted in the concentrated state or in solid state.Initially, particles are located randomly, then left moving under the influence of interparticle interactions calculated with D.L.V.O. theory. 7 • 8 D.L.V.O. theory is composed of repulsive and attractive potentials. Potential energy of repulsion comes from electronic double layer and given by eq 1 for two particles with radii a.where 1/1 is surface potential, r is distance between particle centers, K is inverse double layer thickness, and y is the permitibity of the dispersion medium. Potential energy of attraction VA is essentially van der Waals energy, and given by VA=--·---+-+In 1 --(2) Ha { 2 2 ( 4 )} 6 s 2 -4 s 2 s 2where Ha is Hamaker constant ands is r/a.

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“…Such novel amphiphilic composite microspheres are designed for the preparation of functional membranes. 19,20 In a previous article, Ma et al 20 described the reason 21,22 and motivation that the system was selected here, and prepared monodispersed cationic P(4VP-BA) latex by controlling the process parameter, such as the BA/4VP weight ratio. Furthermore, by using the monodispersed cationic P(4VP-BA) latex as the seed, Ma et al 20 discussed in detail the effect of polymerization parameters on the morphology of P(4VP-BA)/P(ST-BA) composite microspheres and prepared popcorn-like and sandwich-like composite microspheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of hemispherical poly(4‐vinylpyridine‐co‐butyl acrylate)/poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate) composite microspheres by seeded preswelling emulsion polymerization

Shao-hua

et al. 2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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ABSTRACT:Seeded preswelling emulsion polymerization was carried out by using monodispersed poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-butyl acrylate) [P(4VP-BA)] particles as the seed, and styrene and butyl acrylate as the second-stage monomers under different polymerization conditions, to obtain hemispherical polystyrene (PST)-rich-P4VP-rich microspheres. Prior to polymerization, toluene was added into the preswelling system together with the second-stage monomers. It was found that, with the increase of the amount of toluene, the particle morphology showed a tendency toward desirable hemispherical structure, and the colloidal stability of composite latex was improved. When the weight ratio of toluene/seed latex was increased up to 7.5/40 (g/g), the stable hemispherical latex could be obtained. However, when toluene was not added, the coagulum formed on the wall of the reactor during polymerization, and the composite particles with multiple surface domains (such as sandwich-like, popcorn-like) were formed. In addition, the final morphology of composite particles was influenced by the polarity of the seed crosslinker and the hydrophilicity of the second-stage initiator, which could affect the mobility of poly(styrene-co-butyl acrylate) [P(ST-BA)] chains. The morphology development during the polymerization was investigated in detail, and a schematic model was derived to depict the formation mechanism of hemispherical P(4VP-BA)/P(ST-BA) composite microspheres. The results revealed that the mobility of the P(ST-BA) chains influenced the diffusion of the P(ST-BA) domains on the surface of the P(4VP-BA) matrix. When the mobility of the P(ST-BA) chains allowed small-size P(ST-BA) domains to coalesce into one larger domain, complete phase-separated morphology (hemisphere) could be achieved.

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Preparation and chemical fixation of poly(4-vinylpyridine) microgel film with ordered structure

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Ion Exchange Membranes: Preparation, Properties, and Applications

Ion Exchange Membranes: Preparation, Properties, and Applications

Formation of Wide Range Ordered Arrangement in Microsphere Systems

Preparation of hemispherical poly(4‐vinylpyridine‐co‐butyl acrylate)/poly(styrene‐co‐butyl acrylate) composite microspheres by seeded preswelling emulsion polymerization

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