Preparation and characterization of W-doped Li4Ti5O12 anode material for enhancing the high rate performance

Al-doped Li2ZnTi3O8 as an effective anode material for lithium-ion batteries with good rate capabilities

“…For commercial lithium-ion batteries, graphite is usually selected as anode material because of its large theoretical capacity (372 mA h g À1 ) and reversible charged-discharge for Li + , but the potential safety problem is dendritic lithium growth on the anode surface during over charge or fast charge because the voltage of Li + insertion is almost 0 V vs. Li/Li + [4]. A fundamental solution is replacement of graphite by other anode materials with high safety and good cycle performance.…”

Lithium Titanate-Based Anode Materials

“…Donor doping with high valence elements substituting for Li [17,48,54,55]. In addition, the isovalent doping of Na for Li [56,57] [41,42,60].…”

Li4Ti5O12-rutile TiO2 nanosheet composite as a high performance anode material for lithium-ion battery

“…However, the rate performance is seriously limited due to its low electronic conductivity and poor lithium diffusion coefficient [7]. Up to now, a lot of strategies have been adopted to modify Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 by doping with other ions (such as Ag þ [8], Na þ [9], Mg 2þ [10], Zn 2þ [11], Ca 2þ [12], Ni 2þ [13], Cu 2þ [14], Al 3þ [15], La 3þ [16], Sc 3þ [17], Cr 3þ [18], Zr 4þ [19], Ru 4þ [20], W 5þ [21], V 5þ [22], Mo 6þ [23], Br À [24], F À [25]), or by coating with a conductive layer (such as carbon [26], graphene [27], carbon nanotubes [28], Ag [29], Cu [30], Au [31], TiO 2 [32], SnO 2 [33], AlF 3 [34], PAS (polyacene) [35], PEDOT (poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) [36]), or by preparing nanosized materials [6]. Among all the coating layers, carbon coating has been demonstrated to be an effective way to improve the electronic conductivity.…”