Preparation and characterization of ultrafiltration membranes for toxic removal from wastewater

Sawdust: From wood waste to pore-former in the fabrication of ceramic membrane

“…Similarly, for membranes made of using sawdust of different sized particles sieved through 30 and 44 B.S.S. mesh, the average pore diameter varies between 0.04 and 0.10 mm and 0.06 and 0.13 mm, respectively, is in good agreement with literatures [1,5]. It is observed that the average pore diameter of all the fired membranes are very close to each other unlike the particle size of sample mixtures together with different sizes of sawdust and its distribution.…”

“…Indeed, the use of poreformers has long been cited as a possibly important factor in the manufacturing of ceramic membranes by cheap raw materials such as kaolin [1], dolomite [2], red-clay [3], apatite powder [4] and fly ash [5], etc. These cheap materials are widely used in developing several types of ceramic membranes in terms of separation efficiency and manufacturing cost.…”

Fabrication of Tubular Membrane Supports from Low Price Raw Materials, Using Both Centrifugal Casting and/or Extrusion Methods

“…Asymmetric membrane usually consists of a thin top-layer responsible for separating components, and a porous ceramic support with single or multiple intermediate layers imparting the required mechanical strength to the membrane composite (Mori et al, 1998). In fact, the commercial support made of artificial material is an important part of the high price of the membranes, which is why some authors have focused their researches to develop the preparation of low coast supports made of natural raw materials such as clays (Saffaj et al, 2004). The industrial membrane production uses a limited choice of materials.…”

Porous Ceramic Supports for Membranes Prepared from Kaolin (DD3) and Calcite Mixtures

“…The prepared plastic paste is based on a mixture of [6] kaolin (DD3) (79 wt.%), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) (15 wt.%) and organic additives (3 wt.% of amijel derived from methylcellulose (The Dow Chemical Company), 3 wt.% of methocel derived from starch (Cplus 12072, Cerestar)) with a progressive addition of water to adjust the rheological properties of the paste to allow the shaping [30].…”